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In this and previous conferences, UNESCO has established three major ways in which developing countries and populations can participate in the genome project: * Give special attention to genetic traits, including inherited diseases or susceptibilities in native populations. Isolated populations are especially important in genetic analyses. * Organize scientific work using the best available technologies for mapping and sequencing at least some representative sites. Special attention would be given to organisms or traits of particular value or interest to societies. * Take part in moral and ethical discussions on beneficial uses of genetic technology and safeguards of individual privacy. The First South-North conference, held in Brazil in 1992, emphasized planning and initial work at a number of sites. [see HGN 4(4), 12-13 (November 1992).] This second conference concentrated on an update of scientific work and demonstrated substantive Chinese contributions, including a number of presentations on the genetic diversity of some 50 ethnic groups. Many delegates emphasized the sense of responsibility shared by the Chinese government and investigators regarding human genome studies in a country with more than 20% of the total world population. Chinese researchers presented significant scientific achievements in the following areas: * Rice genome studies, from long-range mapping to blight resistance; * Human genome research, including long-range mapping of portions of the X chromosome; and * Technology development, with contributions to YAC cloning and bioengineering. Disease-gene presentations were comparable to studies from the United States, Canada, and Europe. Delegates from Brazil, Kenya, and Shanghai made impressive presentations, respectively, on molecular biology techniques for genome research, studies of the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva, and YAC cloning and mapping of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene region. These South-North conferences have established that genome analysis is thriving globally, with some high-quality laboratory groups functioning in developing countries. |
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