(二) 反身代词www.test99.com
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时，宾语使用反身代词。www.test99.com
Test99He killed himself. （他自杀了）www.test99.com
Test99He killed him. （他杀了他）www.test99.com

例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating www.test99.com
Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99  www.test99.com
Test99a series of indicators that could help www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99themselves to predict earthquakes.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看，help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错，情态动词could 比can语气弱，表示较小的可能性。www.test99.com
Indicator为征兆，这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一个事物www.test99.com

(三) 代词的单复数，代词的性别www.test99.com
在考试中如果代词打横线，代词错误的概率是非常高的，因此代词打横线，应该先看代词有没有错。www.test99.com

例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies www.test99.com
Test99that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the www.test99.com
Test99Test99 ATest99 BTest99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
Test99Pacific.www.test99.com

分析：D错，应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数，显然是错误的，根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用复数形式。www.test99.com

Water作为水是不可数名词，waters表示水域，通常使用复数形式，作主语谓语动词用复数。www.test99.com
Work作为工作是不可数名词，work作为作品，可数不可数都可以，例如：www.test99.com
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品www.test99.com

例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99www.test99.com
Test99the word“normalcy”to express social andwww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Bwww.test99.com
Test99 economic conditions they promised the nation.www.test99.com
Test99 CTest99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的，故用第三人称单数he来指代。www.test99.com

例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell s most important www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99www.test99.com
Test99work is not poetry, but his biography, Johnwww.test99.com
Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99  www.test99.com
  Keats, published the year of her death. www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：C错，应改为her。his指男性，显然是错误的，应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.www.test99.com

www.test99.com
(四) Who和which的区别www.test99.com
which指代事物或者动物，who指代人www.test99.com
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物www.test99.com

例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99  B www.test99.com
Test99account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.www.test99.com
Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为which或that。先行词不是指人，而是指物，关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。www.test99.com
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例，解释说明www.test99.com

(五) that和which的区别www.test99.com
介词后面使用which, 而不用that,的in that除外www.test99.com

例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that it www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99B www.test99.com
Test99would affect society could not have been foreseen.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句)，影响社会的程度没有被预见www.test99.com

(六) 定语从句的特殊省略www.test99.com
Reason后面有定语从句，中间往往省略why, www.test99.com
Time后面有定语从句，中间往往省略whenwww.test99.com
Test99 I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.www.test99.com
way后面有定语从句，中间省略了in whichwww.test99.com

例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99www.test99.com
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99  Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为main。mainly为副词，不能个饰后面的名词，故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason，定语从句引导词被省略www.test99.com

例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb has www.test99.com
Test99affected the way people in the United States----.www.test99.com
Test99 (A) living and workingwww.test99.com
Test99 (B) they live and work www.test99.com
Test99 (C) live and workwww.test99.com
Test99 (D) to live and to workwww.test99.com
分析：选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。www.test99.com

二、的介词www.test99.com
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分，而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题，我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题，在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配，这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过，只不过有的时候是正确的选项，有的时候重复考。www.test99.com

(一) 介词搭配www.test99.com

例：The teeth in the upper jaw function together those www.test99.com
Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99 CTest99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：和…一起，应该为together with，C错www.test99.com

例：The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. www.test99.com
ATest99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99 CTest99Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错改为be rich inwww.test99.com

例：The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the www.test99.com
Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Cwww.test99.com
Test99alternation of periods of light and darkness.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：C错，应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。www.test99.com

www.test99.com
(二) 最重要的两个介词www.test99.com
1、的介词of 多余或者遗漏www.test99.com
例：Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99BTest99CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法，意为“在…上面”。www.test99.com

例：Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99BTest99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99starred in stage, television, and film productions onwww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Cwww.test99.com
Test99both sides the Atlantic Ocean.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为sides of the。 sides为名词，the Atlantic Ocean也是名词，中间明显少了一个介词。www.test99.com

2、的介词bywww.test99.com
一种情况表示被动，be+过去分词+bywww.test99.com
另一种表示通过……的方式， by doingwww.test99.com
例：The ceremony of marriage in the United Stateswww.test99.com
Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99 can be performed from a justice of the peace.www.test99.com
Test99 CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式，performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。www.test99.com

例：Along the east coast ,American Indian womens councilswww.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99  www.test99.com
Test99 could veto a declaration of war at refusing towww.test99.com
Test99Test99 BTest99  CTest99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
Test99 supply moccasins and field rations.www.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食，表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。www.test99.com

例：Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99operations on sets of numbers or other elementswww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99BTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99CTest99 www.test99.com
Test99that are often represented at symbols.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。www.test99.com
三、的谓语动词www.test99.com
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致www.test99.com
①、的主谓分割原则www.test99.com
例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, www.test99.com
Test99Test99 ATest99Test99www.test99.com
Test99 Americas national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99BTest99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：C错，应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。www.test99.com

②、的与后者一致原则www.test99.com
not…but, 强调but后面的名词，www.test99.com
not only…but alsowww.test99.com

www.test99.com
③、的与前者一致原则www.test99.com
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is, www.test99.com
中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 www.test99.com
例：The athlete, together with his coach and www.test99.com
Test99Test99 ATest99Test99Test99BTest99CTest99Test99www.test99.com
Test99several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致，改为iswww.test99.com

④、的就近原则www.test99.com
or, either…or, neither…nor,www.test99.com
单数名词+or+复数名词+arewww.test99.com
如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为iswww.test99.com
所以注意一点： 如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99  如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数www.test99.com

例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99  ATest99Test99Test99BTest99Test99Test99  www.test99.com
Test99amazingly complex for single-celled animals. www.test99.com
Test99  CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99  Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。www.test99.com

⑤定语从句主语就近原则www.test99.com
There are five apples that are red.www.test99.com
apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。www.test99.com

例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rocketswww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99carry a supply that last just a few seconds.www.test99.com
Test99 BTest99 CTest99  Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。www.test99.com

⑥the +形容词主谓一致www.test99.com
The rich are not always happier than the poor.www.test99.com
The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数www.test99.com

⑦、的倒装句的主谓一致www.test99.com
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况：www.test99.com
a. there be 句型www.test99.com
there be+名词+名词，那么最近的名词决定其形式www.test99.com
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词保持一致www.test99.com

例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99CTest99Test99DTest99  www.test99.com
分析：there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，A错，there are 改为there iswww.test99.com

www.test99.com
例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99Test99 BTest99  www.test99.com
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30www.test99.com
Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
  miles in width.www.test99.com
Test99Test99 D www.test99.com
分析：倒装句，are改为iswww.test99.com

例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99BTest99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the filmwww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99D www.test99.com
  presented on the five-story-tall screen.www.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为films , 主语实际上是名词，应该与谓语动词保持一致。www.test99.com

⑧、的百分比结构的主谓一致www.test99.com
fifty percent of + 名词www.test99.com
one percent of + 名词www.test99.com
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系，主要取决于后面的名词，比如：www.test99.com
  one percent of my students + arewww.test99.com
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. www.test99.com

这里要强调两个结构www.test99.com
half of =fifty percentwww.test99.com
most of + 可数名词的+ arewww.test99.com
most of + 不可数名词+ iswww.test99.com

例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99 www.test99.com
  found in central and eastern Canada.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：C错，应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语，作主语的中心词half当然表复数，相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。www.test99.com

例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99 B的 www.test99.com
Test99in the United States are for foods and beverages.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99  CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品，beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料，故（C）、的（D）均没有错。www.test99.com

(二) 谓语动词的时态www.test99.com
①、的主要考察时间状语www.test99.com

例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99  BTest99CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com

分析：Metal, aluminum同位语，in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态，把has been改为waswww.test99.com

www.test99.com
②、的For和since的区别www.test99.com
区别一：For 后面使用时间段，since 后面使用时间点www.test99.com
区别二：Since 只能用在现在完成时态，For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时www.test99.com
  I has been a teacher for three years.www.test99.com
  I has been a teacher since 1996.www.test99.com
  I was a teacher for three years.的这种表达可以，for three years表示一段时间，was 表示过去做了三年，现在不是老师了www.test99.com

例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States becamewww.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99BTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99the primary responsibility of the president.www.test99.com
Test99Test99 CTest99  Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过去式，其时间状语应与之呼应，故改Since为In。www.test99.com

例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager ofwww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 A的 B的 CTest99 www.test99.com
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为for。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语动词为一般完成时；主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for；而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。www.test99.com

www.test99.com
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.的 www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态，livewww.test99.com

(三) 谓语的语态www.test99.com
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。www.test99.com
有四组动词是改错题中常考的：www.test99.com
①、的prove www.test99.com
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的www.test99.com
尽管是被证明，但习惯上用主动；www.test99.com

例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99 www.test99.com
Test99to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to bewww.test99.com
Test99Test99BTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Cwww.test99.com
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，如果把D理解为并列句，不仅时态不对，语义也有问题，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。www.test99.com

www.test99.com
②、的Locate，Situatewww.test99.com
这两个词可以用作主动，表示把…放置在…地方；确定…的位置www.test99.com
Test99Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置www.test99.com
这两个词也可以用作被动www.test99.com
Test99My school was located near the river.www.test99.com
区分locate的主动和被动比较难，但是有一个技巧存在：locate如果用作主动，后面必须跟宾语www.test99.com
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.www.test99.com
Test99 (A)locates www.test99.com
Test99 (B)locatingwww.test99.com
Test99 (C)to locate www.test99.com
Test99 (D)is located www.test99.com
分析：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语，所以用作被动,表示“位于”，所以D为正确选项。www.test99.com

③、的表示需要概念的动词www.test99.com
need, want, require等www.test99.com

My watch needed repairingwww.test99.com
My watch needed to be repaired.www.test99.com

④、的表示人的情感的动词www.test99.com
move, annoy, surprise, please等www.test99.com

He is so moving.Test99他令人感到感动。www.test99.com
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。www.test99.com

主动和被动技巧总结：www.test99.com
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话，前面必然有be动词www.test99.com

例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99Test99  www.test99.com
Test99United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Bwww.test99.com
Test99power structures, and flood-control works along www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99C www.test99.com
Test99the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。www.test99.com

四、的非谓语动词www.test99.com

(一) 分词www.test99.com
现在分词和过去分词的区别www.test99.com
①、的用于句首作状语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动www.test99.com

例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then www.test99.com
Test99 A www.test99.com
Test99struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.www.test99.com
Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：分词作状语，主要看是主动还是被动，美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错，改won为winningwww.test99.com

②、的用于名词后面作后置定语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动www.test99.com
例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in www.test99.com
Test99Test99  ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99www.test99.com
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，生活在什么地方的人，人生活是主动，因此改为livingwww.test99.com

www.test99.com
一些动词后面必须用doingwww.test99.com
对于加doing的词来说，考试中一般出现一个，下面这些词都是要加doing的，请考生牢记。www.test99.com
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, www.test99.com
 advocate, suggestwww.test99.com
 delay, quitwww.test99.com
 forgive(原谅)，tolerate，www.test99.com
 avoid, escape(逃避)www.test99.com
 spend+名词+doing; www.test99.com
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doingwww.test99.com

例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99 BTest99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
Test99crops.www.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、的名词短语或动名词短语作宾语，故将to harvest改为harvesting。www.test99.com

例：Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 ATest99Test99Test99  B www.test99.com
Test99to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringingwww.test99.com

(二) 不定式www.test99.com
A. 动词不定式的省略www.test99.com
①、的help后面可以省略towww.test99.com
Test99help to dowww.test99.com
Test99help sb. to dowww.test99.com

例：A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99BTest99www.test99.com
Test99the habits that might shorten the lives.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：D错，应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确，如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意（A）并没有错，help后面可以接不带to的不定式。www.test99.com

②、的使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个www.test99.com
Test99make, www.test99.com
Test99let,www.test99.com
Test99have sb. do sthwww.test99.com
Test99注意get不是使役动词，get sb. to do sth.www.test99.com
例：A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99  ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Bwww.test99.com
Test99to know when to play various parts of a composition. www.test99.com
Test99 CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：let是使役动词，后面不需要to, C改为knowwww.test99.com

③、的感官动词www.test99.com
Test99 hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observewww.test99.com
Test99 see sb do sth.的强调过程www.test99.com
Test99 see sb doing sth 正在做某事www.test99.com

www.test99.com
B. 动词不定式的固定用法www.test99.com
(1)表示第一人www.test99.com
the first woman to do sth. www.test99.com

(2)表示迫使的动词www.test99.com
一般考三个， allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to dowww.test99.com

例：Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis www.test99.com
Test99Test99 ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99  www.test99.com
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。www.test99.com

www.test99.com
(3)表示倾向…的形容词www.test99.com
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事www.test99.com
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事www.test99.com
  be lieable to do 易于…的www.test99.com
  be apt to do www.test99.com

(4)表示目的的名词，www.test99.com
一共有7个这样的词，这一条也是最重要的。www.test99.com
固定的句式： www.test99.com
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.www.test99.com
the objective 目标www.test99.com
aimwww.test99.com
goalwww.test99.com
reason理由www.test99.com
function功能www.test99.com
intension意图www.test99.com

例：The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was providing www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 A的 www.test99.com
Test99large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Test99  CTest99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：the function to provide, A错www.test99.com

例：The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99  ATest99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds www.test99.com
Test99Test99 B www.test99.com
Test99that make up various components of a living cell.www.test99.com
Test99Test99CTest99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：the chief goal is to understand, A错www.test99.com

(5) 其他同根名词www.test99.com
 ability to do的受到be able to 的影响www.test99.com
 attempt to do 企图www.test99.com
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响www.test99.com
 ambition, www.test99.com
 be ambitious to do的 www.test99.com
 effortwww.test99.com

例：For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation www.test99.com
Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99BTest99 www.test99.com
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的，故将名词explanation改为to explain。www.test99.com

例：In the early 1960s the Civil Rights movement made great www.test99.com
Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99 www.test99.com
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：efforts to register, C错www.test99.com

www.test99.com
C. 动词不定式的其他用法www.test99.com
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作，属于将来时态的范畴www.test99.com
She and Anne are to meet at two oclock.www.test99.com
www.test99.com
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”，表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生，这个完成式通常表示一般过去时www.test99.com
I am glad to see you. www.test99.com
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.www.test99.com
yesterday是一般过去时，修饰have seen.www.test99.com

(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式，主动表示被动www.test99.com
It is difficult to decide.www.test99.com

www.test99.com
五、的句子的结构www.test99.com
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。www.test99.com

(一) 主语的重复www.test99.com
名词+代词+谓语，这个代词永远是重复的主语，永远是错的www.test99.com
例：Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99BTest99Test99  www.test99.com
Test99compromises concerning the establishment of the www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99  CTest99Test99Test99Test99  Dwww.test99.com
Test99League of Nations.www.test99.com
分析：代词he不是同位语，主语重复；如果是下面这样的主语，那么便是主语同位语www.test99.com
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilsonwww.test99.com

www.test99.com
例：Two unique features of the Arctic they are www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99B的 www.test99.com
Test99lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.www.test99.com
Test99Test99CTest99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复www.test99.com

(二)谓语的重复www.test99.com
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语，往往改为定语从句www.test99.com

例：A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of www.test99.com
Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99BTest99  www.test99.com
Test99one or more sentences related to the same idea.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词，而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线，故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。www.test99.com

(三)谓语的缺少www.test99.com
例：Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99 BTest99 www.test99.com
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99 CTest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词，故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。www.test99.com

(四)主句的重复www.test99.com
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来，因为它们都是副词或者介词，连接两个句子应该用连接词连接www.test99.com

www.test99.com
例：Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99ATest99Test99Test99Test99 BTest99Test99Test99Test99CTest99www.test99.com
Test99they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.www.test99.com
Test99Test99 Dwww.test99.com
分析：C错，应改为though。despite是介词，后面一般接名词作宾语，而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子，所以改为连词though。www.test99.com

例：Solar eclipses occur during the Moons shadow www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99ATest99 BTest99Test99Test99 www.test99.com
Test99sweeps across the face of the Earth.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99CTest99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：B错，应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句，根据题意改为从属连词when或as。www.test99.com

例：Even many early leaders of the United States have provided www.test99.com
Test99 ATest99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99 B www.test99.com
Test99names for towns, only George Washingtonwww.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Cwww.test99.com
Test99is remembered in the name of a state.www.test99.com
Test99Test99Test99Test99Test99Dwww.test99.com
分析：A错，应改为Even though。even为副词，不能引导从句，根据题意，改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。www.test99.com