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托福考试试题 (二)
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Section 2www.test99.com
Structure and Written Expression Time--25 minuteswww.test99.com
The Structure and Written expression section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.www.test99.com
Structurewww.test99.com
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C),and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, ifnd the number of the question and fill in the space that orresponds to the letter of the answer you ahve chosen Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.www.test99.com
Look at the following examples:www.test99.com
Example Iwww.test99.com
For many centuries---the principal raw material Sample answerwww.test99.com
for making ropes and sails.www.test99.com
(A) then was hempwww.test99.com
(B) the time hemp was www.test99.com
(C) hemp waswww.test99.com
(D) hempwww.test99.com
The sentence should read, For many cenries hemp was the principle raw material for making ropes and sails. Therefore, you should choose (C).www.test99.com
Example IIwww.test99.com
The sea anemone, a marine animal related to the jelly fish, Sample answerwww.test99.com
looks like a plant----like other animal species.www.test99.com
(A) sowww.test99.com
(B) rather thanwww.test99.com
(C) insteadwww.test99.com
(D) rather notwww.test99.com
The sentence should read, The sea anemone, a marine animal related to the jelly fish, looks like a plant rather than like other animal species. Theerefore, you should choose (D).www.test99.com
Nowbegin work on the questions.www.test99.com
1. Most substances expand when they evaporate so that the density of a substances gas is---of its liquid.www.test99.com
(A) than the lower densitywww.test99.com
(B) lower than thatwww.test99.com
(C) the density is lower than thatwww.test99.com
(D) the lower the densitywww.test99.com
2. The process by which nerve cells send signals is --- clearly understood.www.test99.com
(A) nonewww.test99.com
(B) nowww.test99.com
(C) notwww.test99.com
(D) nothingwww.test99.com
3. Arctic animals--- a means of controlling body temperature in such a cold, barren climate if they are to survive.www.test99.com
(A) needwww.test99.com
(B) needingwww.test99.com
(C) to needwww.test99.com
(D) was neededwww.test99.com
4. -----state of California is also known as the Golden State because Californias hills were once believed to be made of gold.www.test99.com
(A) The www.test99.com
(B) There is a www.test99.com
(C) That the www.test99.com
(D) As the www.test99.com
5. Aspartame is a combination of proteins that is much sweeter----www.test99.com
(A) than sugar doeswww.test99.com
(B) does cane sugarwww.test99.com
(C) cane sugarwww.test99.com
(D) than cane sugarwww.test99.com
6. Current patterns and topography maps of the seas ---- from satellite photographs.www.test99.com
(A) can be drawnwww.test99.com
(B) can drawnwww.test99.com
(C) to drawwww.test99.com
(D) drawnwww.test99.com
7. By the middle of the nioneteenth century, the scientists and engineers in the United States had began to exert --- over technology.www.test99.com
(A) influence worldwide a greatwww.test99.com
(B) a great worldwide influencewww.test99.com
(C) influence a great worldwidewww.test99.com
(D) a worldwide influence greatwww.test99.com
8. ----billions of barrels of oil exist in the vast caverns beneath the Pacific Oceanswww.test99.com
(A) It is estimated thatwww.test99.com
(B) An estimate thatwww.test99.com
(C) That is estimatedwww.test99.com
(D) That the estimatewww.test99.com
9. The extent of the stimulant effect of coffee on people depends on the circumstances ---- the plants grow.www.test99.com
(A) which www.test99.com
(B) which inwww.test99.com
(C) in whichwww.test99.com
(D) inwww.test99.com
10. The guitar solo first ---- as a popular form of musical performance in the twentieth century.www.test99.com
(A) to emergewww.test99.com
(B) emergingwww.test99.com
(C) has emergedwww.test99.com
(D) emergedwww.test99.com
11. --- complex organic compounds originating in cells.www.test99.com
(A) Lipiedswww.test99.com
(B) Lipids are www.test99.com
(C) Lipids which arewww.test99.com
(D) Lipids while theywww.test99.com
12. In the western part of Nevada ----, a major tourist and entertainment center.www.test99.com
(A) lies the city of Las Vegaswww.test99.com
(B) the city of Las Vegas lies therewww.test99.com
(C) around the city of Las Vegas lieswww.test99.com
(D) there lies the city of Las vegas aroundwww.test99.com
13. Work on superconductivity, ---, has attracted a relatively small number of researchers.www.test99.com
(A) is a very specialized fieldwww.test99.com
(B) which a very specialized field is www.test99.com
(C) a very specialized fieldwww.test99.com
(D) a field very specialized whichwww.test99.com
14. ---, the fist Amendment to the Constitution provided for freedom of speech, press and assembly.www.test99.com
(A) In 1791 they draftedwww.test99.com
(B) The draft in 1791www.test99.com
(C) In 1791 was draftedwww.test99.com
(D) Drafted in 1791www.test99.com
15. When --- in desert climates, the Navajo construct lean-tos as temporary summer shelters.www.test99.com
(A) travelwww.test99.com
(B) to travelwww.test99.com
(C) traveling themwww.test99.com
(D) traveling www.test99.com

Written Expressionwww.test99.com
Directios: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four undelined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.www.test99.com
Looke at the following examples:www.test99.com
Example 1 Sampel Answerwww.test99.com
In many cities in the world, the air is much morewww.test99.com
A Bwww.test99.com
Polluted than it is in the 1970s.www.test99.com
C Dwww.test99.com
The sentence should read, in many cities in the world, the air is much more polluted than it was in the 1970s. there fore, you should choose (D).www.test99.com
Example IIwww.test99.com
The computer plays a vital role in development,www.test99.com
A Bwww.test99.com
communication, and disseminating of ideas in todays world.www.test99.com
C Dwww.test99.com
The sentence should read, The computer plays a vital role in development, communication, and dissemination of ideas in todays world. Therefore, youshould choose (C).www.test99.com
Now begin work on the questions.www.test99.com
16. For years small communities of researchers have living underground www.test99.com
Awww.test99.com
in parts of the arctic where the climate is harsh and the winds are www.test99.com
Bwww.test99.com
strong.www.test99.com
Dwww.test99.com
17. Thomas Edison made the first microphone for self by combining a thin www.test99.com
A B Cwww.test99.com
reed and a metal conductor together.www.test99.com
Dwww.test99.com
18. Not only do hydroelectric power systems provide people with irrigation and drinking water, but they also provide importantly sources of electrical power.www.test99.com
19. The Federal Communications Commission supervises the suitable and quality of radio.www.test99.com
20. All cars, alike most trains and a few propeller planes, depend on combustion inside a piston cylinder.www.test99.com
21. The expansion of adult education centers had resulted partially from the service-based economy, which encouraging employees to update their skills for the changing job market.www.test99.com
22. The most significant evolutionary characteristic of the primates are the development of the opposable thumb.www.test99.com
23. Ludwig Beethoven was often indifferent to the titles of his composed and was generally oblivious to the names given them years after their completion.www.test99.com
24. Benny Goodmans orchestra, playing his original compositions and arrangements, achieving a fine distinction among his peers and contributed numerous innovations to modern big band jazz.www.test99.com
25. Mosquitoes are almost completey deaf, although its tiny ears can distinguish noise from silence.www.test99.com
26. Weed is a horticultural term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted, or intolerable plant growth.www.test99.com
27. susan B. Anthony, the first woman to vote in the United Sates, founded the American Woment Suffrage Movement, an institution that have always had a woments rights agenda.www.test99.com
28. Criminal assault, committed against a member of the public, may consist of harassing behavior, threatening, or physical harm to others.www.test99.com
29. The realist movement in art was a reaction against abstract methods of portray reality.www.test99.com
30. During the 1950s skilled computer programmers scrce were in what is now Silicon Valley.www.test99.com
31. If a atom gains any electrons, it becomes negatively charged and can combine with other atoms.www.test99.com
32. The Parks and Recreation Department conduct extensive research on a great many aspects of the wilderness.www.test99.com
33. The analgesic most commonly administeed in medicine is aspirin, who produces reduction of pain over a general area.www.test99.com
34. Certain types of pumps work properly only in environmens with controlled precisely pressures.www.test99.com
35. Whales, while not as curious than the dolphins, show more persistence and use of communication in facing a problem.www.test99.com
36. The belief in goblins have existed from the earliest times, and the leends of many different peoples includes tales of goblins and their relationship to humans.www.test99.com
37. Electronic music enables artists to experiment with many sounds effects.www.test99.com
38. Denver, Colorados capital and largest city, is industrial and baning center.www.test99.com
39. A hamsters sharp teeth can chew through wood, plastic, or soft metallic such as aluminum.www.test99.com
40. Anthropological studies have concluded that deeply hold belief and principles are highly ressistant to alteration.www.test99.com

THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2.www.test99.com
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 2 ONLY.www.test99.com
DONOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.www.test99.com
THE SUPER VISOR WILL TELL YOU WHEN TO BEGIN WORK ON SECTION 3.www.test99.com

Section 3 Reading Comprehensionwww.test99.com
Directins: In the Reading Comprehension Section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of answer you have chosen.www.test99.com
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.www.test99.com
Read the following passage:www.test99.com
There are two genus in the elephant family. Each of the genus include a single species that developed different characteristics due to geographical isolation. One species is the African elephant and the other is a Asian elephant. The two types of elephant share a number of common features, such as a long trunk, large ears and a massive body, but there are many differences as well. The differences between the elephants can largely be accounted for by their habitats environment.www.test99.com
Example Iwww.test99.com
What is the main purpose of the passage?www.test99.com
(A) to discuss the two different types of elephants.www.test99.com
(B) Tio argue the superiority of the African elephant in adapting to the environment.www.test99.com
(C) To demonstrate the relative intelligence of the two types of elephant.www.test99.com
(D) To show the similarities of elephants.www.test99.com
The main idea of passage is to discuss the wo different types of elephants. Thereore, you should choose (A).www.test99.com
Example IIwww.test99.com
In line 6, the term, be accounted for` could best be replaced bywww.test99.com
(A) be calculated to www.test99.com
(B) be devidedwww.test99.com
(C) be determinedwww.test99.com
(D) be acceptedwww.test99.com
The term be accounted for in line 6 is closet in meaning to be determined. Therefore, you should choose (C).www.test99.com
Now begin work on the questions.www.test99.com
Questions 1-10www.test99.com
The popularly applauded designs found in Frank Lloyd Wrights integration of architcture, landscaping and interior design, gave evidence to his belief that the form of a working or living space should follow from its function within the community.www.test99.com
Line Whether working on residential or commercial projects, he concentraed on creatingwww.test99.com
(5) an appropriate exterior and interior environment.www.test99.com
In his residentilal housing, functionality translated into a harmonious relationship with the natural flora, fauna and geographic disposition of the land. The most famous modification he implemented in his early prairie school houses, the gently sloping roof lines that sought to capture the contours of the prairie, typified his concept of harmony with the land. Other features included, wide doorways, rooms ccentrally connected without hallways, extensive use of glass and widely overhanging eaves which provided extensive shelter. To emphasize the integrative aspects of his construction, he tried to incorporate built-in furniture wherever possible.www.test99.com
The Larkin Building, in Buffalo, New York, an examle of thoroughly practical factory headquarters, demonstrated that, when designing for the commercial sector, Wrights functionalism adapted itself to the projec at hand as eloquently as when he created single-family units. The building itself is of sufficient width to completely conceal the factory behind it, creating a neat, organized and efficient appearance. Even more notable than the exterior of the building, the interior displays Wrights imaginative talent to the greatest degree.www.test99.com
In order to minimize on cluttered floor space, almost everything in the office was mobile, particulrly the filing cabinets, which could be completely hidden from view with a simple push. The office desks were custom designed from solid steel with special fold-out chairs that made it much easier to clean the floors. A special grade of tile was used on the walls to facilitate cleaning. The zeal which the architect devoted to integrating the building with the needs of the office environment extended to the installation of secial steel toilets which folded into the walls until needed for use.www.test99.com
1. What is the main topic of the passage?www.test99.com
(A) The life of Frank Lloyd Wrightwww.test99.com
(B) Frank Lloyd Wrights design ideaswww.test99.com
(C) The commercial buildings of Frank Lloyd Wrightwww.test99.com
(D) Frank Lloyd Wrights Prarie School buildingswww.test99.com
2. Which of the folowing is NOT menitioned as a field wright worked in?www.test99.com
(A) Landscapingwww.test99.com
(B) Interior designwww.test99.com
(C) Architecturewww.test99.com
(D) Paintingwww.test99.com
3. In line 3, the word its refers to www.test99.com
(A) the communitywww.test99.com
(B) the functionwww.test99.com
(C) the formwww.test99.com
(D) the spacewww.test99.com
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an important consideration of Wrights residential housing?www.test99.com
(A) Plant life around the areawww.test99.com
(B) The ease of mainteancewww.test99.com
(C) Animals found in the areawww.test99.com
(D) The geography of the building sitewww.test99.com
5. According to the passage, what is the most distinctive feature of a prarie house design?www.test99.com
(A) The colorwww.test99.com
(B) The furniturewww.test99.com
(C) The woodwww.test99.com
(D) The roof linewww.test99.com
6. In line 9, the word typifed is closest in meaning towww.test99.com
(A) enjoyedwww.test99.com
(B) exemplifedwww.test99.com
(C) terminatedwww.test99.com
(D) normalizedwww.test99.com
7. It can be inferred that Wright designed his own furniture for the Larking building becausewww.test99.com
(A) he couldnt find the appropriate colorswww.test99.com
(B) he could design his own for less moneywww.test99.com
(C) he wanted the environment of the building to be integratedwww.test99.com
(D) he didnt trust the quality of other furniture www.test99.com
8. What is the Larking Building most noted for?www.test99.com
(A) Its steel furniturewww.test99.com
(B) Its high-grade tilewww.test99.com
(C) Its overall practicalitywww.test99.com
(D) Its exterior architecturewww.test99.com
9. In line 22, the word mobile most closely means?www.test99.com
(A) Portablewww.test99.com
(B) Raisedwww.test99.com
(C) sturdywww.test99.com
(D) Smallwww.test99.com
10. What qualities could probably be observed from the Larkin Buildings interior design?www.test99.com
(A) Neat and organizedwww.test99.com
(B) Solid and stablewww.test99.com
(C) Extended and cleanwww.test99.com
(D) Wide and efficentwww.test99.com
Questions 11-20www.test99.com
In America, the movement of housing away from the high-rise buildings of the inner-cites originated in the 1920s, but was stalled by the Great Depression of the 1930s and by World War II. After the war a tremendous surge occurred in the realeastate market with the advent of single-family homes on relatively small lots--typically less than one-tenth of an acre. During the 1950s, many large tract developments encroached on former farmlands near metropolitan areas. The most dramatic instances of this sprawling effect were witnessed in western municipalities such as San Jose and San Diego whose citycharters defined their boundaries over several hundred square kilometers. These large parcels of land were overrun by. standard three bedroom, two bath, ranch-style homes in a few short deoedes.www.test99.com
By the 1960s construction had subsided significantly and developers began building different kinds of plans to try and accommodate the changes in the market. Those who had taken advantage of the suburbanization trend in he post-war years had seen the value of their real estate increase dramatially and many were anxious to re-invest their assets. In an effort to reap this affluence, certain contractors moved away from the standard models and began designing larger buildings on increasingly spacious parcels even farther from city centers. Other builders began working on home to meet the needs of young couples starting new families. The townhouse, a two to three-story brick and frame structure containing more than 4 but less than 30 units per structure, wa seen as the solution. These aprtments were successful in luring many young adult city dwellers out to the suburbs.www.test99.com
In subsequent development, traditional single family ranch-style designs continued to be embraced, but new forms were also introduced: The condominium, a singlefamily attached dwelling; the triplex and fourplex, three-and four-family struchres; and prefabs, which have become significantly more popular durin the last 20 years owing to their low cost and ease of construction. The prefabs have the additional distinction of being mobile. It is not uncommon to see semi-trailers hauling these modular living units along the freeways to remote destinations. In a very real sense, this phenomena marks the cutting edge of suburbanization: a move out of the traditional suburbs and into areas that were formally considered wildeness.www.test99.com
11. What is the primary topic of the passage?www.test99.com
(A) Real-estate financewww.test99.com
(B) Suburban housingwww.test99.com
(C) Construction techniqueswww.test99.com
(D) Population increasewww.test99.com
12. According to the passage, when did suburban housing experience its greatest increase in America?www.test99.com
(A) 1940swww.test99.com
(B) 1950swww.test99.com
(C) 1960swww.test99.com
(D) 1970swww.test99.com
13. In line 3, the word surge is closest in meaning towww.test99.com
(A) increasewww.test99.com
(B) declinewww.test99.com
(C) desirewww.test99.com
(D) orderwww.test99.com
14. It can be inferred that the large population increases in San Diego and San Joese were due towww.test99.com
(A) increased employment in the areawww.test99.com
(B) excellent year-round weatherwww.test99.com
(C) proximity to the coastwww.test99.com
(D) large municipal areaswww.test99.com
15. How did suburban construction change in the 1960s?www.test99.com
(A) It increased in the cities of San Diego and San Jose.www.test99.com
(B) It slowed and developed more specific markets.www.test99.com
(C) It slowed and developed a unified approadch.www.test99.com
(D) It relied more on prefab housing.www.test99.com
16. Which of the following was NOT true of the larger suburban houses built in the sixties?www.test99.com
(A) They were built larger than traditional suburban homes.www.test99.com
(B) They were mainly sold to people who already.www.test99.com
(C) they were on larger pieces of land.www.test99.com
(D) They were closer to the city.www.test99.com
17. In line 15, the world reap is closest in meaning to www.test99.com
(A) overcomewww.test99.com
(B) harvestwww.test99.com
(C) alterwww.test99.com
(D) avoidwww.test99.com
18. According to the passage, how did the townhouse differ from a traditional suburban home?www.test99.com
(A) They costs more to build.www.test99.com
(B) They were built near cities.www.test99.com
(C) Several homes were grouped together.www.test99.com
(D) They attracted older buyers.www.test99.com
19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a alternative to traditional suburban housing?www.test99.com
(A) High-rise buildingswww.test99.com
(B) Prefabricated housingwww.test99.com
(C) Triplexes and fourplexeswww.test99.com
(D) Condominiumswww.test99.com
20. What does the author imply about future housing development?www.test99.com
(A) It will continue to move away from the city centers.www.test99.com
(B) It will slow donw as the economy falters.www.test99.com
(C) All housing will be mobilized.www.test99.com
(D)The move towards suburbs has cut to the end.www.test99.com
Questions 21-30www.test99.com
When European explorers came across the densely clustered earthen homes of the southwestern American Indians, they described them as pueblos-the Spanish word for town or village. The name ocnveys the complexity of these ancient muti-storied buildings which marked a high point in teh enginnrng feats of the regions native people.www.test99.com
The earthen homes were typically built beneath a large rock overhang to take advantage of the shelter from winter rains and the hot desert sun. An additional advantage of this carefully chosen location was the ability to maintain steady internal temperatures through contact with the thermal mass of solid rock along the rear walls.www.test99.com
In the earliest times, the exteriors were made of sandstone blocks. Since this material was relatively soft, it was easy to cut slabs from the mountains and build thick walls mortared with mud from a nearby stream. In areas where the stone was either too difficult to cut, or where there was a short supply of suitable material, the blocks could be built from mud mixed with dried grass and small sticks, this product was known as adobe.www.test99.com
Ingenious techniques were involved in the construction of the roofs. Although there were few trees available int eh desert regions, the men of the ribe would collect any lumber long enough to cover the span between the walls. These flexible poles were then interlaced with smaller sticks, and finally with small wigs and leaves. Once the covering was strong enough to walk on, river mud and dried grasses wer eapplied in several layers until a sufficient thickness had been accumulated to give the final rigid form.www.test99.com
The second storywas typically set back a dozen meters alowing a front yard for cooking, basket weaving and tanning animal skins. This teeraced effect created a spacious living environment and allowed both an organized area for domestic activities as well as an easy method of passage from one house to another.www.test99.com
21. What is the primary topic of the passage?www.test99.com
(A) The southwestern American Indianswww.test99.com
(B) The ancient uses of Sandstone blockswww.test99.com
(C) The architecture of the southwestern Indianwww.test99.com
(D) The most practial ancient housingwww.test99.com
22. What can be inferred about the buildings from the fact they were named pueblos ?www.test99.com
(A) They were only built near a city.www.test99.com
(B) They could contain many people.www.test99.com
(C) They style was created by the Spanish.www.test99.com
(D) They were built of local materials.www.test99.com
23. In line 4, the word feats is colosest in meaning towww.test99.com
(A) accomplishmentswww.test99.com
(B) destinieswww.test99.com
(C) exertionswww.test99.com
(D) celebrationswww.test99.com
24. It can be inferred that the interior section of the pueblo with the most regular temperature would be www.test99.com
(A) the frontwww.test99.com
(B) the terracewww.test99.com
(C) the left sidewww.test99.com
(D) the rear sectionwww.test99.com
25. What were the original pueblos built of?www.test99.com
(A) Sticks and grasswww.test99.com
(B) Adobewww.test99.com
(C) River mudwww.test99.com
(D) Carved blockswww.test99.com
26. What ethod was used in areas where it was too difficult to cut stone?www.test99.com
(A) Softer stones were used.www.test99.com
(B) River rocks were used.www.test99.com
(C) Mud was molded into bricks.www.test99.com
(D) Sticks were used.www.test99.com
27. According to the passage, what aspect of pueblo construction was most interesting?www.test99.com
(A) The cuttign of rockswww.test99.com
(B) The mixing of mudwww.test99.com
(C) The building of roofswww.test99.com
(D) The terraced patioswww.test99.com
28. In line 24, the word terraced is closest in meaning to?www.test99.com
(A) Steppedwww.test99.com
(B) Openedwww.test99.com
(C) Enclosedwww.test99.com
(D) Noteworthywww.test99.com
29. Which of the following was not mentioned as an activity performed as an activity performed on the front section of the pueblo?www.test99.com
(A) Cookingwww.test99.com
(B)Sun tanningwww.test99.com
(C) Making leatherwww.test99.com
(D) Weavingwww.test99.com
30. It can be inferred that every level of the pueblo had a terracewww.test99.com
EXCEPTwww.test99.com
(A) the second storywww.test99.com
(B) the top storywww.test99.com
(C) the first storywww.test99.com
(D) the tird storywww.test99.com
Questions 31-42www.test99.com
Hydroponics, the science of growing plants in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in moden agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater precision of the plant growth process, it permits the production of crops in hostile in fertile environments.www.test99.com
The first widely publicized soilles gardeing experiments were conducted during the 1930s. W.F. Gericke, of the University of Califormai at Berkeley, varied nutrient levels among secimens suspended in a gravel substrate to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed his fellow horticulturalists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high.www.test99.com
The original hydroponic gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficeint moisture, nutrients and oxyen. Avariety of materials are used in recent versions including, gravel, sand, peat, sawdust, plastics and even peanut shells. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involes suspending plants in air with a styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist.www.test99.com
Many different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet all of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to assure that the sodium-chloride levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained aroudn 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested.www.test99.com
Although soilless farming is generally more expensive than utilizing fertile land, Herbicides and pesticides are unesessary becausue of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their untrient uptake is significantly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall.www.test99.com
31. Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of hydroponics?www.test99.com
(A) More control over plant growthwww.test99.com
(B) Broader ranges of agricultural environementswww.test99.com
(C) Production of impressive specimenswww.test99.com
(D) Decreased costs compared to other methodswww.test99.com
32. What does this passage mainly discuss?www.test99.com
(A) Soilless gardeningwww.test99.com
(B) Plant nutritionwww.test99.com
(C) Growth mediawww.test99.com
(D) Controling plant growthwww.test99.com
33. According to the passage, how did Gericke produce tall tomato plants?www.test99.com
(A) He altered the type of substrate.www.test99.com
(B) He demonstrated their growth to his fellow horticulturalists.www.test99.com
(C) He increased the acidity of their environment.www.test99.com
(D) He controlled their nutrition by growing without soil.www.test99.com
34. In line 8, the word findings is closest in meaning to www.test99.com
(A) outcomeswww.test99.com
(B) questionswww.test99.com
(C) verdictswww.test99.com
(D) convictionswww.test99.com
35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a necessity for hydroponics?www.test99.com
(A) Moisturewww.test99.com
(B) Nutrientswww.test99.com
(C) Earthwww.test99.com
(D) Oxygenwww.test99.com
36. According to the passage, which part of the plant is most affected by the modern horticulture?www.test99.com
(A) Leaveswww.test99.com
(B) Stemswww.test99.com
(C) Rootswww.test99.com
(D) Flowerswww.test99.com
37. In line 11, word media is closest in meaning to www.test99.com
(A) commercialswww.test99.com
(B) substanceswww.test99.com
(C) averageswww.test99.com
(D) organizationswww.test99.com
38. In line 15, the word suspending most closely means?www.test99.com
(A) Haltingwww.test99.com
(B) Revokingwww.test99.com
(C) Hangingwww.test99.com
(D) Removingwww.test99.com
39. According to the passage, what quality do all soilless systems have in common?www.test99.com
(A) Gravel substratewww.test99.com
(B) Natural lightingwww.test99.com
(C) Nutrient solutionwww.test99.com
(D) Similar resultswww.test99.com
40. Which of the following is NOT necessary to monitor in the nutrient solution?www.test99.com
(A) sodium-chloride levelswww.test99.com
(B) Dissolved nutrient levelswww.test99.com
(C) Acidity levelswww.test99.com
(D) Proper substrate levelswww.test99.com
41. According to the passage, what would be a good reason NOT to use hydroponics?www.test99.com
(A) Increased pesticideswww.test99.com
(B) Produces lower quality productswww.test99.com
(C) Higher costwww.test99.com
(D) Uses less spacewww.test99.com
42. In line 27, the word uptake is closest in meaning towww.test99.com
(A) allowancewww.test99.com
(B) risingwww.test99.com
(C) absorptionwww.test99.com
(D) respirationwww.test99.com
Questions 43-50www.test99.com
Whereas most animal teeth, including those of the odontocetes whales, are made of tough rock-like calcium, the mouths of the mystecetes whales are lined with a series of vertical, blade-like plates which hang from the upper jaw enabling them to filter their food from the seawater. Made from keratin, the same material found in fingernails, these food gathering combs are collectively referred to as a baleen. The whales fill their mouths with tons of seawater and then strain the collected mass through the baleen mats to estract tiny crustaceans such as krill, copepods and the occasional very small fish. Despite their large size, these whales have an esophagus of only a few inches in diameter which prohibits them from swallowing anything much larger than the smallest sardines. Instead of hunting for their prey, the baleen whales merely propel themselves through the fertile surface waters collecting the abundant material in their filtering apparatus.www.test99.com
The odontocetes, or toothed whales, have peg-like teeth which grasp prey but do not chew it, and their throats are large enough to devour entire squids, octopus and small sharks. Under ideal conditions, they feed opportunistically upon whatever is immediately available though they are capable of diving over a half mile deep in pursuit of food. As the feeding grounds of the odontocetes vary seasonally according to the availability of prey, they typically must migrae long distances.www.test99.com
While both the toothless mystecetes and the carnivorous odontocetes have similar physical characteristics, including an average overall isze exceeding twenty meters and a shared mammalian background, their habitats and behaviors differ due to their distinct nutritional needs. An interesting distinction is the lack of social behaviors among the toothless animals. Herding behavior demonstrates the rule among toothed whales as opposed to the baleen whales which typically travel in pairs or individually, believed to use a primitive form of communication among their peers as an aid in pursiung food.www.test99.com
43. what is the main topic of the passage?www.test99.com
(A) the difference between toothed and toothless whales.www.test99.com
(B) The behavior of whaleswww.test99.com
(C) The nutritional requirements for whaleswww.test99.com
(D) The physical characteristics of whaleswww.test99.com
44. Accoridng to the pasage, the mystecetes can be differentiated from odontocetes bywww.test99.com
(A) the presence of teethwww.test99.com
(B) The presence of baleenwww.test99.com
(C) a mammalian backgroundwww.test99.com
(D) large body sizewww.test99.com
45. Which of the following is NOT consumed by mystecetes whales?www.test99.com
(A) Krillwww.test99.com
(B) Copepodswww.test99.com
(C) Sardineswww.test99.com
(D) Squidswww.test99.com
46. It line 8, the word esophagus is closest in meaning to www.test99.com
(A) baleen www.test99.com
(B)teethwww.test99.com
(C)throatwww.test99.com
(D) brainwww.test99.com
47. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a food source for odontocetes?www.test99.com
(A) Squidswww.test99.com
(B) Sharkswww.test99.com
(C) Krillwww.test99.com
(D) Octopuswww.test99.com
48. How frequently od the odontocetes need to migrate in search of food?www.test99.com
(A) Once a yearwww.test99.com
(B) As the seasons chanewww.test99.com
(C) Every monthwww.test99.com
(D) Occasionallywww.test99.com
49. Accoridng to the author, what helps explain mystecetes relatively undeveloped communication?www.test99.com
(A) They have large nutritional requirements.www.test99.com
(B) They do not need to hunt for food.www.test99.com
(C) they are too large.www.test99.com
(D) Their esophagus is too small.www.test99.com
50. Which of the following is a similarity between the mystecetes and the odontocetes?www.test99.com
(A) Sources of nutritionwww.test99.com
(B) Communicative abilitieswww.test99.com
(C) Group behaviorwww.test99.com
(D) Mammalian backgroundwww.test99.com
THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3www.test99.com
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY.www.test99.com
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.www.test99.com




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