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TOEFL结构常考题型
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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com 托福结构常考题型及全真例题分析 David-Py（托福上游） TOEFL第二部分的标题 Structure and Written Expression (结构和表达法）。这两项就是 TOEFL 语法部分的命题范围。结构指的是句子的基本结构，题目主要分布在1-15题中。表达法所指内容极为广泛，概括地讲，它指英文句子中词和短语的正确形式，以及词与词、词与短语的正确搭配。表达法的题目主要分布在16－40题中。本篇主要讲解有关结构的命题，即英文句子的基本构成形式。 基本句子结构常考题型及解题要点 一般来讲， TOEFL 所考的有关句子结构的题目都比较简单，通常是正常词序的简单句和复合句，即主语－谓语－宾语或主语－系词－表语两种基本词序。倒装句、省略句、强调句在 TOEFL 试题也时有出现，但所占比例很小。 基本句型 （1） 简单句 主－ 谓－ 宾 主－ 系－ 表 （2） 复合句 主句 ＋连词 ＋从句 连词 ＋从句 ，主句 （3） 并列句 句1 ＋ 连词 ＋ 句2 基本概念 （1） 有主语、有谓语方可称为句子，否则为短语。 （2） 主句和从句必须有连接词衔接。连接词在两个句子中间，亦可放置于句首。 解题要点 （1） 寻找谓语动词或系动词以确定主谓结构 （2） 寻找连接词以确定句子结构 （3） 分别检查主句和从句的主谓结构 全真例题分析 1. 简单句中主语谓语要完整 (1) In addition to pleasure, ------- excitement, challenge, and relaxation. (A) the providing of garrets (B) games if providing (C) the games which provide (94.5) (D) games provide [答案] D 空格前为一介词短语、空格后为三个并列名词。此句既无主语，也无谓语，故选择含有动词的答案（D） 。寻找动词是最快捷的途径。 (2) ------has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children. (A) Virginia Hamilton who (B) Because Virginia Hamilton (C) Virginia Hamilton (D) The fact than Virginia Hamilton (93.3) [答案] C 空格后面是谓语动词形式has own, 故空格内应为主语名词，即（C） 。 (3) With affection and humor, poet Phyllis McGinley ------- of ordinary life. (A) the virtues were praised (B) praised the virtues (C) she praised the virtues (D) her praise of the virtues (92.8) [答案] B 此句有主语，但缺谓语动词，故选择（B） 。 (4) --------- became a state in 1876. (A) When Colorado (B) Colorado (C) It was Colorado (D) Colorado which [答案] B 空格后的谓语动词 became 表明应选择一个名词作主语，即（B） 。 2. 主句和从句皆要有完整的主语和谓语 (1) Because it hardens soft metals such as tin and lead, ------- in alloys. (A) antimony is used (B) using antimony (C) antimony uses (D) to use antimony (93.3) [答案] A Because 引导的状语从句主谓结构完整，而主句却主谓俱缺，故选择主谓完整而句意正确的答案（A） 。 (2) The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment ------- in the universe in terms of forces that could be detected by the human senses. (A) an explanation for everything (B) attempted to explain everything (C) everything was an attempt (D) explained and attempted [答案] B 这是个含有定语从句的复合句。主句缺少谓语动词，故选择（B） 。答案（D） 亦为动词，但缺少宾语。 (3) ------- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer. (A) The truth (B) If true (C) It is true (D) To be true (93.1) [答案] C 空格后面的连接词That 表明此处应填入主句，即含有主语和谓语的答案。四项选择中只有（C） 是完整的句子。 (4) Prescriptions for corrective lenses that are provided by an optometrist are often brought to an optician who ------- the lenses. (A) grinding (B) grinds (C) they grind (D) are ground [答案] B 空格前面的连接词 who 引导一个定语从句。此句缺少谓语动词，故选择答案（B） 。答案（D） 亦为谓语动词形式，但被动语态不适合本句。 3. 主句和从句必须有连接词衔接 (1) Ligneous rocks form ------- hot melted rock from inside the Earth cools and becomes solid. (A) when (B) when does (C) and when (D) it is when [答案] A 空格前后是两个主谓完整的句子，此空格必须要填入一个连接词，即（A） 。 (2) ------- matter in one form is transmuted to another form a phase change is said to have taken place. (A) Such (B) Then (C) Whenever (D) Seldom [答案] C 这是由逗号分隔开的两个主谓完整的句子。空格处必须填入一个连接词使第一个句子成为从句。四个选择答案只有（C） Whenever 是连接词。 (3) ------- the arctic regions receive little sunlight, the air there is too cold to hold much moisture. (A) Because (B) The reason that (C) Therefore (D) In consequence of [答案] A 这是由逗号分隔开的两个主谓完整的句子，句首空格内应填入连词使第一个句子成为从句。 (4) Duke Ellington was a composer, conductor, and pianist ------- ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures. (A) him (B) although (C) or (D) who (92.10) [答案] D 空格后面的动词谓语形式ranked 表明这是从句，应填入连词兼主语。四个答案中只有（D） who 可满足这双重要求。 4. 主语同位语结构 同位语是 TOEFL 句子基本结构题目中值得留意的一个命题形式。同位语进一步说明主语，并以逗号把主语和谓语分开。同位语都是名词成分。 (1) The ionosphere, ------- extremely thin air, lies above the stratosphere and extends upward some 650 miles. (A) is a layer (B) a layer of (C) has a layer of (D) a layer where [答案] B 当主语和谓语被逗号分隔开，应首先考虑中间的成分是否主语名词的同位语。 (2) The skyscraper, ------- , is an architectural form that originated in the United States. (A) is a tall commercial structure (B) a tall commercial structure (C) a tall commercial structure which (D of which tall commercial structure (92.1) [答案] B 这是典型的有关同位语的命题形式。 (3) Thyme, ------- yields a medicinal oil containing thymol. (A) a fragrant garden herb (B) garden herb which is fragrant (C) fragrant garden herb (D) is an herb fragrant garden (91.5) [答案] A 这是典型的有关同位语的命题形式。当确认空格处应填入同位语时，应在四个选择答案中寻找说明主语的名词成分。 (4) ------- , The Yearling, won Pulitzer Prize. (A) Marjorie Rawling＇s best work was (B) Marjorie Rawling＇s best work (C) Her best work was Marjorie Rawling＇s (D) That Marjorie Rawling＇s best work （93.10) [答案] B 主语前同位语是同位语考题的另一种命题形式。 5. 主谓结构在15－40题中的命题形式: 区分谓语动词和非谓语动词形式 非谓语动词（分词、动名词及不定式） 均不能用作谓语。 (1) When a nucleus is not dividing it consisting of a nuclear membrane, a nucleolus, and evenly distributed enetic material. (94.5) [答案] C consisting 应为谓语动词consists。 (2) Once a teacher of French and Spanish, the writer Maya Angeiou remaining strongly committed to the goals of foreign language education (94.5) [答案] B remaining 应为谓语动词 remained。 (3) Margaret Fuller was not active in the women＇s - rights movement, but she asking for a fair chance for women in her book, Woman in the Nineteenth Century. (92.8) [答案] C asking for 应为 asked。 (4) Scientists finding out the universe is even larger and more complex than anyone has ever imagined. (92.5) [答案] A Scientists finding 应为主谓形式 Scientists find 。 (5) The expansion of adult training programs has resulted partially from the feminist movement, which encouraging women to improve their skills for the job market. (90.5) [答案] C encouraging 应为谓语动词形式 encourages 。 "托福上游"版权所有，网络媒体转载务必署名"托福上游网"及作者(David)
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