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托福语法指南--从属连词
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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com 复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2)关系副词(where when why how) (3)状语从句连接词(where, when, if, though, because…)有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中)掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。从属连词常考题型及解题要点 1.主句与从句之间必须有从属连词 全真例题分析 (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects. (A) traps (B) trap its (C) which traps (D) which it traps (92.1) [答案] C定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。 (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive. (A) there (B) wherever (C) somewhere (D) then (92.5) [答案] B空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。 (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures. (A) him (B) although (C) or (D) who (92.10) [答案] D关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。 (4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface. (A) A volcano erupts (B) A volcano whether erupts (C) A volcano erupts it (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5) [答案] D从属连词引导条件状语从句。 2.关系代词who与which混淆错用 解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。 全直例题分析 (1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5) [答案] C关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。 (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1) [答案] B关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。 (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s (D) whose (88.10) [答案] B what = the thing that… (4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality. (A) what it is conceived (B) that is conceived (C) what is conceived to be (D) that is being conceived of (89.5) [答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案(A)中的代词it是多余的，因为what本身即已包含了先行词(the thing )和关系代词(that)。答案(B)中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。 (5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10 [答案] B what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。 5.主句和从句 解题要点主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题)中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That在句中没有任何意义，它只具有引导出主语从句的功能，因而很容易被忽略。 全真例题分析 (1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists. (A) For (B) It was (C) That (D) While (91.1) [答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。 (2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces. (A) Danger can be (B) They can be dangerous (C) What can be dangerous (D) While danger (93.1) [答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的主语。 (3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research. (A) Did the continents originate (B) How did the continents originate (C) Have the continents originated (D) How the continents originated (91.1) [答案] D How引导的主语从句。 (4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists. (A) Technological (B) That technological (C)Although technological (D)There is technological [答案] B. That引导的主语从句，当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。
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