Questions 1-8www.test99.com
A bakery makes nine kinds of cookies. Of these nine, www.test99.com
three kinds are fruit cookies—G, H, and J; three kinds www.test99.com
are nut cookies—K, L, and O; and three kinds are plain www.test99.com
cookies—X, Y, and Z. Each day of the week, Monday www.test99.com
through Sunday, the bakery will feature a special price www.test99.com
on exactly three different kinds of cookies. The three www.test99.com
featured cookies will be selected according to the www.test99.com
following rules:www.test99.com
Each day at least one fruit cookie must be featured, www.test99.com
and each day at least one nut cookie must be www.test99.com
featured. www.test99.com
On any day on which cookie J is featured, cookie L www.test99.com
cannot be featured. www.test99.com
On any day on which cookie k is featured, cookie Y www.test99.com
must also be featured. www.test99.com
No kind of cookie can be featured more than three www.test99.com
times in a week. www.test99.com

1.Which of the following lists three cookies that can be www.test99.com
featured together?www.test99.com
(A) G, L, Z www.test99.com
(B) H, K, X www.test99.com
(C) J, L, Y www.test99.com
(D) J, O, Z www.test99.com
(E) K, O, Y www.test99.com

2. On a day on which both cookie L and cookie Z are www.test99.com
featured, which of the following can be the third kind www.test99.com
of cookie featured?www.test99.com
(A) Hwww.test99.com
(B) Jwww.test99.com
(C) Owww.test99.com
(D) Xwww.test99.com
(E) Ywww.test99.com

3.A partial schedule of featured cookies is shown below. www.test99.com
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Fridaywww.test99.com
L H O G Z www.test99.com
According to this schedule, which of the following is a day on www.test99.com
which cookie X CANNOT be one of the featured cookies?www.test99.com
(A) Monday www.test99.com
(B) Tuesday www.test99.com
(C) Wednesday www.test99.com
(D) Thursday www.test99.com
(E) Friday www.test99.com

4.If cookie J is featured on Friday, Saturday, and www.test99.com
Sunday; if cookie K is featured on Monday, Tuesday, www.test99.com
and Wednesday, and if cookie G is featured only on www.test99.com
Thursday, then cookie L can be featured on www.test99.com
(A) Monday only www.test99.com
(B) Thursday only www.test99.com
(C) Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday only www.test99.com
(D) Friday, Saturday, and Sunday only www.test99.com
(E) any two of the first four days of the weekwww.test99.com

5. If each kind of nut cookie is featured three times in www.test99.com
one week, what is the maximum number or days on www.test99.com
which plain cookies can be featured during that week?www.test99.com
(A) Three www.test99.com
(B) Four www.test99.com
(C) Five www.test99.com
(D) Six www.test99.com
(E) Sevenwww.test99.com

6.If cookie H and cookie Y are each featured on www.test99.com
Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, and if cookie G www.test99.com
and cookie X are each featured on Thursday, Friday www.test99.com
and Saturday, then the cookies featured on Sunday www.test99.com
must include both www.test99.com
(A) J and K www.test99.com
(B) J and L www.test99.com
(C) J and O www.test99.com
(D) K and L www.test99.com
(E) K and Z www.test99.com

7.If exactly seven kinds of cookies are featured during www.test99.com
one week, which of the following must be true about www.test99.com
that week?www.test99.com
(A) X is the only kind of plain cookie that is featured www.test99.com
(B) Y is the only kind of plain cookie that is featuredwww.test99.com
(C) Z is the only kind of plain cookie that is featured. www.test99.com
(D) On at least one day, both cookie G and cookie Z www.test99.com
are featured. www.test99.com
(E) On at least one day, both cookie J and cookie X www.test99.com
are featured. www.test99.com
8.If cookie X is featured exactly twice and cookie Z is www.test99.com
featured exactly three times in one week, which of www.test99.com
the following must be true?www.test99.com
(A)Cookie G is featured exactly three times during www.test99.com
the week. www.test99.com
(B)Cookie J is featured at most twice during the www.test99.com
week. www.test99.com
(C)Cookie K is featured at most twice during the www.test99.com
week. www.test99.com
(D)Cookie L is featured at most twice during the www.test99.com
week. www.test99.com
(E) Cookie Y is featured exactly twice during the www.test99.com
week. www.test99.com

9. In recent years, there has been a dramatic decline in www.test99.com
the population of the shrike, a predatory bird that www.test99.com
inhabits flat land, such as farms and pastures. Some www.test99.com
ornithologists hypothesize that this decline is due to www.test99.com
the introduction of new, more effective pesticides to www.test99.com
control the insect species on which shrikes prey.www.test99.com

The answer to which of the following questions is www.test99.com
NOT relevant to evaluating the ornithologists’ www.test99.com
hypothesis?www.test99.com
(A) Was there a decline in the shrike population www.test99.com
before the new pesticides were first used?www.test99.com
(B) Have shrike populations declined significantly www.test99.com
in those habitats where the new pesticides have www.test99.com
not been used?www.test99.com
(C) Have the new pesticides more significantly www.test99.com
reduced the population of insect species on www.test99.com
which shrikes prey than did the pesticides previously www.test99.com
used?www.test99.com
(D) Are insects that have consumed the new pesti-www.test99.com
cides more toxic to the shrikes that eat those www.test99.com
insects than were insects that consumed the www.test99.com
less effective pesticides?www.test99.com
(E) Are the new pesticides considered by most www.test99.com
people to be less harmful to the environment www.test99.com
than the old pesticides were considered to be?www.test99.com

10. Census data for Prenland show that unmarried www.test99.com
Prenlandic men in their thirties outnumber unmarried www.test99.com
Prenlandic women in that age group by about ten to www.test99.com
One. Most of these men do wish to marry. Clearly, www.test99.com
however, unless many of them marry women who www.test99.com
are not Prenlandic, all but a minority will remain www.test99.com
unmarried.www.test99.com

The argument makes which of the following assump-www.test99.com
tions? www.test99.com
(A) Emigration from Preland is more common www.test99.com
among women than among men. www.test99.com
(B) A greater proportion of Prelandic women www.test99.com
in their thirties than of Prenlandic men of the www.test99.com
same age would prefer to remain unmarried. www.test99.com
(C) It is unlikely that many of these unmarried www.test99.com
Prenlandic men will marry women more than www.test99.com
a few years older than themselves. www.test99.com
(D) Prenland has a high rate of divorce. www.test99.com
(E) Most of the unmarried Prenlandic men are www.test99.com
unwilling to marry women who are not www.test99.com
Prenlandic.www.test99.com

11.Certain extremely harmful bacteria found only in www.test99.com
sewage are difficult to detect directly. Testing for www.test99.com
E. coli, an easily detected and less harmful type of www.test99.com
bacteria, in ocean water would be a reliable way of www.test99.com
determining whether or not these more harmful bac-www.test99.com
teria are present, since ocean water contains E. Coli www.test99.com
only if the water is contaminated with sewage that www.test99.com
contains the harmful bacteria. www.test99.com

Which of the following, if true, most seriously www.test99.com
weakens the argument?www.test99.com
(A) There are many different strains of the E. coli www.test99.com
bacteria, and only some of these strains are www.test99.com
harmful.www.test99.com
(B) Some types of bacteria found in sewage are www.test99.com
neither disease-causing nor difficult to detect www.test99.com
directly. www.test99.com
(C) Some of the types of bacteria found in sewage www.test99.com
along with E. coli are not harmful to people www.test99.com
unless the bacteria are ingested in large quantities. www.test99.com
(D) E. coli dies out much more quickly than some of www.test99.com
the more harmful bacteria found in sewage and www.test99.com
then can no longer be easily detected. www.test99.com
(E) Some of the types of bacteria found in sewage www.test99.com
along with E. coli reproduce at a slower rate www.test99.com
than E. coli.www.test99.com
Questions 12-17www.test99.com

A bank has exactly four cashier windows, arranged in a www.test99.com
row and numbered consecutively 1through 4 from one www.test99.com
end of the row to the other. The bank has exactly six www.test99.com
cashiers: two supervisors (Joan and Karim); and four www.test99.com
trainees (Lorraine, Mark, Nora, and patrick). Throughout www.test99.com
a particular peak-hour period, the stationing of cashiers at www.test99.com
windows is restricted as follows:www.test99.com

There must be exactly one cashier at each window.www.test99.com
The cashier at window 2 must be a supervisor.www.test99.com
Lorraine must be at a window but cannot be at window 3. www.test99.com
If Mark is at one of the windows, Joan must be at a www.test99.com
window immediately adjacent to it. www.test99.com
The cashiers at the windows must include either Nora www.test99.com
or Patrick, but they cannot include both Nora and www.test99.com
Patrick. www.test99.com

12.Which of the following lists the cashiers who can be www.test99.com
stationed at windows 1 through 4 during this period?www.test99.com
1 2 3 4 www.test99.com
(A) Joan Karim Mark Lorraine www.test99.com
(B) Joan Karim Nora Lorraine www.test99.com
(C) Karim Nora Joan Lorraine www.test99.com
(D) Mark Joan Lorraine Patrick www.test99.com
(E) Patrick Joan Nora Lorrainewww.test99.com

13.Which of the following must be true about the www.test99.com
stationing of the cashiers during this period?www.test99.com
(A) Joan is at window 1 or at window 2. www.test99.com
(B) Karim is at window 2 or at window 4. www.test99.com
(C) Lorraine is at window 1 or window 4. www.test99.com
(D) Nora is at window 1 or at window 3. www.test99.com
(E) Patrick is at window 3 or at window 4. www.test99.com
sarily in that order, are stationed at immediately www.test99.com
adjacent windows, which of the following must be www.test99.com
stationed at window 4 during this period?www.test99.com
(A) Joan www.test99.com
(B) Karim www.test99.com
(C) Lorrainewww.test99.com
(D) Mark www.test99.com
(E) Patrickwww.test99.com

15.If during this period Lorraine and Mark, not neces-www.test99.com
sarily in that order, are stationed at immediately www.test99.com
adjacent windows, which of the following can be www.test99.com
stationed at window 1 during this period?www.test99.com
(A) Joan www.test99.com
(B) Karim www.test99.com
(C) Lorrainewww.test99.com
(D) Mark www.test99.com
(E) Nora www.test99.com

16.If during this period Lorrained and Nora, not neces-www.test99.com
sarily in that order, are stationed at immediately www.test99.com
adjacent windows, which of the following must be www.test99.com
true during this period?www.test99.com
(A) Joan is stationed at window 1.www.test99.com
(B) Joan is stationed at window 2. www.test99.com
(C) Karim is stationed at window 2 www.test99.com
(D) Nora is stationed at windows 3. www.test99.com
(E) Patrick is stationed at window 1. www.test99.com

17.If during this period Mark is stationed at a window,www.test99.com
which of the following CANNOT be stationed at a www.test99.com
window during this period?www.test99.com
(A) Joan www.test99.com
(B) Karim www.test99.com
(C) Lorraine www.test99.com
(D) Nora www.test99.com
(E) Patrick www.test99.com

Questions 18-22www.test99.com
Seven photographs—three landscapes: F, H, and J; and four still lifes: www.test99.com
Q, R, T and W—will appear on the first seven pages—numbered www.test99.com
consecutively from page 1 through page 7—of an exhibit catalog. www.test99.com
Each page will contain exactly one of the photographs. The ordering www.test99.com
of the photographs in the catalog is governed by the following www.test99.com
conditions.www.test99.com
J and W, not necessarily in that order, must appear on consecu-www.test99.com
tively numbered pages.www.test99.com
The three landscapes cannot appear on-consecutively numberedwww.test99.com
pages.www.test99.com
Neither page 2 not page 4 is a page on which a landscape can www.test99.com
appear.www.test99.com
A landscape must appear on page 7www.test99.com
18.Which of the following is an acceptable ordering of the photographs in www.test99.com
the catalog?www.test99.com

Page 1 Page 2 page 3 Page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7 www.test99.com

(A) F T H Q W R Jwww.test99.com
(B) H Q J W R F T www.test99.com
(C) J W H R T Q Fwww.test99.com
(D) Q T R W J F H www.test99.com
(E) T F Q W J R H www.test99.com

19.Any of the following can appear on page 3 EXCEPTwww.test99.com
(A) Jwww.test99.com
(B) Q www.test99.com
(C) R www.test99.com
(D) T www.test99.com
(E) W www.test99.com

20. If F appears on page 6, H must appear on page www.test99.com
(A) 1www.test99.com
(B) 2www.test99.com
(C) 3www.test99.com
(D) 5www.test99.com
(E) 7www.test99.com

21.If the still lifes all appear on consecutive pages, www.test99.com
which of the following must be true?www.test99.com
(A) A still life appears on page 1. www.test99.com
(B) A still life appears on page 5. www.test99.com
(C) J appears on page 6.www.test99.com
(D) T appears on page 4. www.test99.com
(E) W appears on page 5 www.test99.com

22.If F and H, not necessarily in that order, appear on www.test99.com
consecutive pages, which of the following can be www.test99.com
true?www.test99.com
(A) J appears on page 1 www.test99.com
(B) J appears on page 5www.test99.com
(C) R appears on page 6www.test99.com
(D) W appears on page 1www.test99.com
(E) W appears on page 5 www.test99.com

23.The organizers of tomorrow’s outdoor concert www.test99.com
announced that it will go on tomorrow on schedule www.test99.com
unless bad weather is forecast or too few advance www.test99.com
tickets are sold. If the concert is canceled, refunds www.test99.com
will be made to ticket holders. Since some ticket www.test99.com
holders have already been issued refunds even though www.test99.com
more than enough advance tickets were sold, it must www.test99.com
be the case that bad weather is forecast. www.test99.com

Which of the following is an error of reasoning con-www.test99.com
tained in the argument?www.test99.com
(A) It proceeds as if a condition, which by itself is www.test99.com
enough to guarantee a certain result, is the only www.test99.com
condition under which that result would occur. www.test99.com
(B) It bases a conclusion that is known to require www.test99.com
two conditions on evidence that bears on only www.test99.com
one of those conditions.www.test99.com
(C) It explains one event as being caused by another www.test99.com
event, even though both events must actually www.test99.com
have been caused by some third, unidentified www.test99.com
event. www.test99.com
(D) It treats evidence for the absence of one condi-www.test99.com
tion under which a circumstance would occur www.test99.com
as conclusive evidence that that circumstance www.test99.com
will not occur. www.test99.com
(E) Evidence given to support the conclusion actually www.test99.com
undermines it. www.test99.com

24. Although the prevailing supposition has been that it is www.test99.com
too hot for microorganisms to survive deep below the www.test99.com
Earth’s surface, some scientists argue that there are www.test99.com
living communities of microorganisms there that have www.test99.com
been cut off from surface life for millions of years. www.test99.com
These scientists base their argument on the discovery www.test99.com
of living microorganisms in samples of material that www.test99.com
were taken from holes drilled as deep as 1.74 miles. www.test99.com

The scientists’ argument depends on which of the fol-www.test99.com
lowing assumptions?www.test99.com
(A)The microorganisms brought up were of a www.test99.com
species that is related to those previously www.test99.com
known to science.www.test99.com
(B)No holes have been drilled into the Earth’s www.test99.com
surface to a distance deeper than 1.74 miles www.test99.com
(C)The microorganisms did not come from surface www.test99.com
soil that came into contact with the drilling www.test99.com
equipment.www.test99.com
(D) The stratum from which the samples came has www.test99.com
been below the surface of the Earth ever since www.test99.com
the Earth came into existence. www.test99.com
(E) The temperature at the bottom of the holes drilled www.test99.com
was not significantly hotter than that of the www.test99.com
hottest spots on the Earth’s surface. www.test99.com

25. For 20 years all applicants for jobs as technicians at www.test99.com
EquipCorp were required to demonstrate that they could www.test99.com
operate and repair the machinery that was central to www.test99.com
EquipCorp’s manufacturing business. Now, however, www.test99.com
that particular machinery is obsolete, and very different www.test99.com
machinery fills the central role. Therefore, the old www.test99.com
requirement is no longer a useful method for evaluating www.test99.com
whether applicants for jobs as technicians at EquipCorp www.test99.com
have the skills necessary for the job. www.test99.com

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the www.test99.com
argument?www.test99.com
(A) The machinery that is now obsolete was used by a www.test99.com
large number of manufacturing companies before www.test99.com
it became obsolete. www.test99.com
(B) Among the people already holding jobs as tech-www.test99.com
nicians at Equip Corp, those who are most skillful www.test99.com
at operating the new machinery had been some of www.test99.com
the least skillful at operating the old machinerywww.test99.com
(C) Most people applying for jobs as technicians today www.test99.com
have much broader skills than did people applying www.test99.com
for jobs as technicians 20 years ago. www.test99.com
(D) The skills required to operate and repair the www.test99.com
obsolete machinery are useful in operating and www.test99.com
maintaining many other types of machinery at www.test99.com
EquipCorp that are not obsolete. www.test99.com
(E) Much of the machinery that EquipCorp now uses in www.test99.com
manufacturing is very likely to become obsolete www.test99.com
within the next 20 years.www.test99.com