1. Because the monkeys under study are ---- the www.test99.com
presence of human beings, they typically ---- www.test99.com
human observers and go about their business www.test99.com
(A) ambivalent about .. welcome www.test99.com
(B) habituated to .. disregard www.test99.com
(C) pleased with .. snub www.test99.com
(D) inhibited by .. seek www.test99.com
(E) unaware of .. avoid www.test99.com

2. Give he previously expressed interest and the www.test99.com
ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senator’s www.test99.com
attempt to convince the public that she is not inter-www.test99.com
ested in running for a second term is ----.www.test99.com
(A) laudable www.test99.com
(B) likely www.test99.com
(C) authentic www.test99.com
(D) futile www.test99.com
(E) sincere www.test99.com

3. Many of her followers remain ---- to her, and www.test99.com
even those who have rejected her leadership are www.test99.com
unconvinced of the ---- of replacing her during www.test99.com
the current turmoil. www.test99.com
(A) opposed.. urgency www.test99.com
(B) friendly.. harm www.test99.com
(C) loyal.. wisdom www.test99.com
(D) cool.. usefulness www.test99.com
(E) sympathetic.. disadvantage www.test99.com

4. Unlike many recent interpretations of Beethoven’s www.test99.com
piano sonatas, the recitalist’s performance was a www.test99.com
delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, www.test99.com
it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ----.www.test99.com
(A) appealing www.test99.com
(B) exuberant www.test99.com
(C) idiosyncratic www.test99.com
(D) unskilled www.test99.com
(E) controlled www.test99.com

5. Species with relatively ---- metabolic rates, including www.test99.com
hibernators, generally live longer than those whose www.test99.com
metabolic rates are more rapid. www.test99.com

(A) prolific www.test99.com
(B) sedentary www.test99.com
(C) sluggish www.test99.com
(D) measured www.test99.com
(E) restive www.test99.com

6. Belying his earlier reputation for ---- as a negotiator, www.test99.com
Morgan had recently assumed a more ---- stance www.test99.com
for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him. www.test99.com
(A) intransigence.. conciliatory www.test99.com
(B) impropriety.. intolerant www.test99.com
(C) inflexibility.. unreasonable www.test99.com
(D) success.. authoritative www.test99.com
(E) incompetence.. combative www.test99.com

7. Although Irish literature continued to flourish after www.test99.com
the sixteenth century, a ---- tradition is ---- www.test99.com
in the visual arts: we think about Irish culture in terms of www.test99.com
the word, not in terms of pictorial images. www.test99.com
(A) rich.. superfluous www.test99.com
(B) lively.. found www.test99.com
(C) comparable.. absent www.test99.com
(D) forgotten.. apparent www.test99.com
(E) lost.. extant www.test99.com

8. SILVER: TARNISH::www.test99.com
(A) gold: burnish www.test99.com
(B) steel: forge www.test99.com
(C) iron: rust www.test99.com
(D) lead: cast www.test99.com
(E) tin: shear www.test99.com

9. DISLIKE: LOATHING:: www.test99.com
(A) appreciation: gratification www.test99.com
(B) hunger: appetite www.test99.com
(C) void: dearth www.test99.com
(D) pleasure: bliss www.test99.com
(E) pain: ache www.test99.com

10. CRAVEN: HEROIC:: www.test99.com
(A) unruly: energetic www.test99.com
(B) listless: attractive www.test99.com
(C) volatile: constant www.test99.com
(D) deft: trifling www.test99.com
(E) awkward: amusing www.test99.com

11. FILLY: HORSE:: www.test99.com
(A) antennae: butterfly www.test99.com
(B) pullet: chicken www.test99.com
(C) gaggle: goose www.test99.com
(D) duck: drake www.test99.com
(E) wasp: bee www.test99.com

12. PITHINESS: APHORISM:: www.test99.com
(A) craft: art www.test99.com
(B) detail: sketch www.test99.com
(C) illusion: story www.test99.com
(D) exaggeration: caricature www.test99.com
(E) sophistication: farce www.test99.com

13. EPHEMERAL: ENDURING:: www.test99.com
(A) infirm: healing www.test99.com
(B) insensitive: cooperating www.test99.com
(C) inanimate: living www.test99.com
(D) interminable: continuing www.test99.com
(E) ineffectual: proceeding www.test99.com

14. POSTURER: UNAFFECTED:: www.test99.com
(A) brat: insolent www.test99.com
(B) hypocrite: perceptive www.test99.com
(C) grouch: respected www.test99.com
(D) bigot: tolerant www.test99.com
(E) rogue: empathetic www.test99.com

15. FACETIOUS: SPEECH::www.test99.com
(A) precocious: learning www.test99.com
(B) unbecoming: color www.test99.com
(C) exemplary: conduct www.test99.com
(D) craven: timidity www.test99.com
(E) antic: behavior www.test99.com

16. VAGARY: PREDICT::www.test99.com
(A) quotation: misdirect www.test99.com
(B) investigation: confirm www.test99.com
(C) stamina: deplete www.test99.com
(D) turbulence: upset www.test99.com
(E) impossibility: execute www.test99.com

This is not to deny that the Black gospel music of the www.test99.com
early twentieth century differed in important ways from the www.test99.com
slave spirituals. Whereas spirituals were created and dis-www.test99.com
seminated in folk fashion, gospel music was composed, www.test99.com
(5) published, copyrighted, and sold by professionals. Never-www.test99.com
theless, improvisation remained central to gospel music. www.test99.com
One has only to listen to the recorded repertoire of gospel www.test99.com
songs to realize that Black gospel singers rarely sang a www.test99.com
song precisely the same way twice and never according to www.test99.com
(10)its exact musical notation. They performed what jazz musi-www.test99.com
cians call head arrangements proceeding from their own www.test99.com
feelings and from the way the spirit moved them at the www.test99.com
time. This improvisatory element was reflected in the man-www.test99.com
ner in which gospel music was published. Black gospel www.test99.com
(15)composers scored the music intended for White singing www.test99.com
groups fully, indicating the various vocal parts and the www.test99.com
accompaniment, but the music produced for Black singers www.test99.com
included only a vocal line and piano accompaniment.www.test99.com

17.Which of the following best describes head arrange-www.test99.com
ment as the term is used in line 11?www.test99.com
(A) A published version of a gospel song produced for www.test99.com
use by Black singers www.test99.com
(B) A gospel song based on a slave spiritual www.test99.com
(C) A musical score shared by a gospel singer and a www.test99.com
jazz musician www.test99.com
(D) An informally written composition intended for www.test99.com
use by a gospel singer www.test99.com
(E) An improvised performance inspired by the www.test99.com
singer’s emotionswww.test99.com

18.The author mentions folk fashion (line 4) most likely www.test99.com
in order to www.test99.com
(A) counter an assertion about the role of improvi-www.test99.com
sation in music created by Black people www.test99.com
(B) compare early gospel music with gospel music www.test99.com
written later in the twentieth centurywww.test99.com
(C) make a distinction between gospel music and www.test99.com
slave spirituals www.test99.com
(D) introduce a discussion about the dissemination of www.test99.com
slave spirituals www.test99.com
(E) describe a similarity between gospel music and www.test99.com
slave spirituals www.test99.com

19.The passage suggests which of the following about www.test99.com
Black gospel music and slave spirituals?www.test99.com
(A) Both became widely known in the early twentiethwww.test99.com
century.www.test99.com
(B) Both had an important improvisatory element.www.test99.com
(C) Both were frequently performed by jazzwww.test99.com
musicians. www.test99.com
(D) Both were published with only a vocal line and www.test99.com
piano accompaniment. www.test99.com
(E) Both were disseminated chiefly by Black singing www.test99.com
groups. www.test99.com

20.Of the following sentences, which is most likely to www.test99.com
have immediately preceded the passage?www.test99.com
(A) Few composers of gospel music drew on traditions www.test99.com
such as the spiritual in creating their songs. www.test99.com
(B) Spirituals and Black gospel music were derived www.test99.com
from the same musical tradition. www.test99.com
(C) The creation and singing of spirituals, practiced by www.test99.com
Black Americans before the Civil War, continued www.test99.com
after the war. www.test99.com
(D) Spirituals and gospel music can be clearly www.test99.com
distinguished from one another. www.test99.com
(E) Improvisation was one of the primary charac-www.test99.com
teristics of the gospel music created by Black www.test99.com
musicians. www.test99.com

About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist www.test99.com
Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates www.test99.com
chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to the www.test99.com
Arrhenius equation, chemical reaction are increasingly www.test99.com
(5) unlikely to occur as temperatures approach absolute zero, www.test99.com
and at absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin, or minus 273 www.test99.com
degrees Celsius) reactions stop. However, recent experi-www.test99.com
mental evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equa-www.test99.com
tion is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical www.test99.com
(10)reaction that occurs at relatively high temperatures, at tem-www.test99.com
peratures closer to zero a quantum- mechanical effect known www.test99.com
as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chem-www.test99.com
ical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classi-www.test99.com
cal chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel www.test99.com
(15)through the barriers of repulsive forces from other mole-www.test99.com
cules and chemically react even though these molecules do www.test99.com
not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, www.test99.com
to overcome the repulsive barrier. www.test99.com
The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the tem-www.test99.com
(20)perature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very www.test99.com
important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any www.test99.com
molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-www.test99.com
called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corre-www.test99.com
sponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of www.test99.com
(25)one potential well to the bottom of another. In classicalwww.test99.com
chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by www.test99.com
going over the potential barrier between the wells, the www.test99.com
height of which remains constant and is called the activa-www.test99.com
tion energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting mole-www.test99.com
(30)cules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another www.test99.com
well without having to rise over the barrier between the www.test99.com
two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept www.test99.com
of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which www.test99.com
tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transi-www.test99.com
(35)tions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum www.test99.com
counterpart.www.test99.com
This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures www.test99.com
suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life:www.test99.com
the formation of rather complex organic molecules in the www.test99.com
(40)deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach www.test99.com
only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays (high-energy pro-www.test99.com
tons and other particles) might trigger the synthesis of www.test99.com
simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in www.test99.com
dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic www.test99.com
(45)molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means www.test99.com
of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and www.test99.com
Wickramasinghe argued that molecules of interstellar form-www.test99.com
aldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides www.test99.com
such as cellulose and starch. Their conclusions, although www.test99.com
(50)strongly disputed, have generated excitement among inves-www.test99.com
tigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic www.test99.com
clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of www.test99.com
compounds necessary to life occurred.www.test99.com

21.The author of the passage is primarily concerned withwww.test99.com
(A) describing how the principles of classical chem-www.test99.com
istry were developed www.test99.com
(B) initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical www.test99.com
reactions required for the development of lifewww.test99.com
(C) explaining how current research in chemistry may be www.test99.com
related to broader biological concerns www.test99.com
(D) reconciling opposing theories about chemical reac-www.test99.com
tions www.test99.com
(E) clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of clas-www.test99.com
sical chemistrywww.test99.com

22.According to the passage, classical chemical reactions www.test99.com
and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the fol-www.test99.com
lowing ways?www.test99.com
(A) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules havewww.test99.com
to rise over the barrier between the two wells.www.test99.com
(B) In both types of reactions, a transition is made www.test99.com
from the bottom of one potential well to the www.test99.com
bottom of another.www.test99.com
(C) In neither type of reaction does the height of the www.test99.com
barrier between the wells remain constant. www.test99.com
(D) In neither type of reaction does the rate of a www.test99.com
chemical reaction depend on its activation www.test99.com
energy. www.test99.com
(E) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are www.test99.com
able to go through the barrier between the two wells.www.test99.com
www.test99.com
23. According to the Arrhenius equation as discussed in www.test99.com
the passage, which of the following statements about www.test99.com
chemical reactions is true?www.test99.com
(A) Chemical reactions are less likely to occur at tem-www.test99.com
peratures close to absolute zero. www.test99.com
(B) In some cases the rate of a chemical reaction is www.test99.com
related to temperature and in other cases it is www.test99.com
not. www.test99.com
(C) Chemical reactions frequently occur at a few www.test99.com
degrees above absolute zero, but they are very www.test99.com
unpredictable.www.test99.com
(D) The rate of a chemical reaction depends on many www.test99.com
other factors besides temperature. www.test99.com
(E) Chemical reaction rate and temperature are not www.test99.com
related. www.test99.com
www.test99.com
24.The author’s attitude toward the theory of a cold pre-www.test99.com
history of life can best be described as www.test99.com
(A) neutral www.test99.com
(B) skeptical www.test99.com
(C) mildly positive www.test99.com
(D) very supportive www.test99.com
(E) pointedly critical www.test99.com

25.The author’s hypothesis concerning be cold prehistory www.test99.com
of life would be most weakened if which of the follow-www.test99.com
ing were true?www.test99.com
(A)Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of www.test99.com
simple molecules. www.test99.com
(B)Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of tem-www.test99.com
peratures around zero degrees Kelvin. www.test99.com
(C)The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be www.test99.com
activated by means other than cosmic rays. www.test99.com
(D)Simple molecules can be synthesized by means of www.test99.com
tunneling. www.test99.com
(E)Classical chemical reactions do not occur at tem-www.test99.com
peratures close to absolute zero. www.test99.com

26.Which of the following best describes the hypothesis www.test99.com
of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe as it is presented in the www.test99.com
passage?www.test99.com
(A) Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex www.test99.com
organic molecules. www.test99.com
(B) The galactic clouds are the places where prebio-www.test99.com
logical evolution of compounds necessary to life www.test99.com
occurred. www.test99.com
(C) Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by www.test99.com
tunneling. www.test99.com
(D) Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve www.test99.com
into complex organic molecules. www.test99.com
(E) Complex organic molecules can be synthesized www.test99.com
from stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and www.test99.com
starch. www.test99.com

27.Which of the following best describes the organization www.test99.com
of the first two paragraphs of the passage? www.test99.com
(A) The author cites a basic principle of classical www.test99.com
chemistry and then describes the research from www.test99.com
which that principle was developed. www.test99.com
(B) The author cites an apparent contradiction to www.test99.com
the principles of classical chemistry and then www.test99.com
explains the process of a chemical reaction to www.test99.com
show there is in fact no contradiction. www.test99.com
(C) the author describes the role of heat in chemical www.test99.com
reactions and then offers a detailed explanation www.test99.com
of its function.www.test99.com
(D) The author presents a law of classical chemistry in www.test99.com
order to introduce a kind of chemical reaction www.test99.com
that differs from it and then explains the essen-www.test99.com
tial difference between the two. www.test99.com
(E) The author presents the fundamental rules of clas-www.test99.com
sical chemistry in order to introduce an explana-www.test99.com
tion of a specific chemical reaction. www.test99.com

28. PREFACE: www.test99.com
(A) improvisation www.test99.com
(B) burlesque www.test99.com
(C) epilogue www.test99.com
(D) tangent www.test99.com
(E) backdrop www.test99.com
29. DEBILITATE: www.test99.com
(A) implicatewww.test99.com
(B) invigorate www.test99.com
(C) obfuscate www.test99.com
(D) realign www.test99.com
(E) encumber www.test99.com

30. TASTY: www.test99.com
(A) uninteresting www.test99.com
(B) unfamiliar www.test99.com
(C) unexpected www.test99.com
(D) understated www.test99.com
(E) undervalued www.test99.com

31. ABNEGATE: www.test99.com
(A) refresh www.test99.com
(B) reaffirm www.test99.com
(C) relieve www.test99.com
(D) react www.test99.com
(E) reform www.test99.com

32. SERRIED: www.test99.com
(A) partially formed www.test99.com
(B) widely separated www.test99.com
(C) narrowly missed www.test99.com
(D) extremely grateful www.test99.com
(E) reasonably clean www.test99.com

33. BOMBASTIC: www.test99.com
(A) unflappable www.test99.com
(B) uninspired www.test99.com
(C) unpretentious www.test99.com
(D) inscrutable www.test99.com
(E) incisive www.test99.com

34. BANAL: www.test99.com
(A) comfortable www.test99.com
(B) novel www.test99.com
(C) equal www.test99.com
(D) fatal www.test99.com
(E) competent www.test99.com
35. LANGUISH: www.test99.com
(A) agitate www.test99.com
(B) wander www.test99.com
(C) relieve www.test99.com
(D) discomfit www.test99.com
(E) thrive www.test99.com

36. ENNUI: www.test99.com
(A) intimidation www.test99.com
(B) sleaze www.test99.com
(C) faint recollection www.test99.com
(D) keen interest www.test99.com
(E) deep reservation www.test99.com

37.DAUNTLESS:www.test99.com
(A) sophomoricwww.test99.com
(B) triflingwww.test99.com
(C) pusillanimouswww.test99.com
(D) speciouswww.test99.com
(E) parsimoniouswww.test99.com

38.TEMERITY:www.test99.com
(A) credibilitywww.test99.com
(B) authoritywww.test99.com
(C) celebritywww.test99.com
(D) acrimonywww.test99.com
(E) circumspectionwww.test99.com