abjure promise or swear to give up

　　abraded rubbed off, worn away by friction

　　abrasion rubbing, scraping, wearing off

　　abrogate repeal or annul by authority

　　abundant plentiful

　　abut border on

　　abysmal bottomless, extreme

　　acclaimed welcomed with shouts and approval

　　accolade praise, approval

　　accretion the growing of separate things into one

　　acquisition smth acquired, acquiring

　　adhere remain faithful, stick fast to

　　adhesion adhering, support

　　adjacent lying near, next

　　admonitory containing warning

　　adulteration making unpure, poorer in quality

　　agile active, quick-moving

　　ail trouble; be ill

　　alacrity eager and cheerful readiness

　　allegiance duty, support, loyalty

　　amalgamate mix, combine, unite societies

　　amendment improving

　　amplify make large or fuller, increase the strength

　　annul put an end to

　　antidote medicine used against a poison or a disease

　　apprehensive grasping, understanding; fear, unhappy feeling about future

　　apt well-suited, quick-witted

　　arboreal of connected with trees

　　ardently with full of ardour

　　ardour enthusiasm

　　articulate speak distinctly, connect by joints

　　ascend go or come up

　　ascent the act of ascending

　　ascertain get to know

　　asset valuable quality, smth that has money value

　　assuage make smth (pain, desire) less

　　assumption smth supposed but not proved

　　asterisk the mark * (eg. omitted letters)

　　astringent substance that shrinks

　　astute clever; quick at seeing to get an advantage

　　atonement repayment; death of Jesus

　　audacious daring, foolishly bold, impudent

　　augury omen, sign

　　austere severely moral and strict; simple and plain

　　aver state positevly

　　aversion strong dislike

　　avid eager, greedy

　　balloon swell out like balloon

　　balm sweet-smelling oil; smth giving peace of mind; consolation

　　banal uninteresting

　　band flat, thin strip of material; group; range of frequences

　　barrage artificial obstacle built across a river

　　barren not good enough, unable to have young ones, without value

　　bask in enjoy warmth and light

　　be irreconcilable cannot be brought into harmony

　　belligerent (person, nation) waging war

　　belligerently waging war

　　bend cause smth to be out of a straight line

　　benevolence wish or activity in doing good

　　biased prejudice

　　bigot stubborn, narrow-minded person

　　blandishment flattery, coaxing

　　blandness polite manner, comforting, uninteresting

　　blithe gay and joyous

　　blueprint plan, scheme, photographic print

　　boggle be alarmed, hesitate, amazed

　　bogus sham, counterfeit, not genuine

　　bolster give greatly needed support

　　braid strands of hair woven together, smth edging sloth or garments

　　breach opening, broken place, breaking

　　brisk active, lively

　　brisket breast of an animal

　　brittle easily broken

　　broach begin discussion of, veer

　　burgeon put out leaves, begin to grow

　　calipers metal supports attached to the legs, measuring instrument

　　candid frank, straight-forward

　　castigation severe punishment

　　casual happening by chance, careless

　　catalyst substance that causes speeding up

　　census official counting of the population

　　centurion leader of a unit of 100 soldiers

　　chary cautious, wary

　　chastisement punishment

　　chisel steel tool for shaping materials

　　churl bad-tempered person

　　cite give as an example

　　cleanse make pure, thoroughly clean

　　clot half-solid lump formed from liquid

　　cloture closing, device (in Parliament) to end a debate by voting

　　coalescing coming together and uniting into one substance

　　coax get smb to do smth by kindness

　　coddle treat with care and tenderness

　　coerce compel, to force to make obedient

　　cogent strong, convincing

　　cogitate think deeply, mediate

　　cognition knowing, awareness (emotionless)

　　colander bowl-shaped vessel with many holes used to drain off water

　　collusion secret agreement for a deceitful purpose

　　combustion process of burning

　　commend praise

　　commendable worthy of praise

　　commuter person who travels regularly

　　complacently with self-satisfaction

　　complaisance easy-going habit of mind

　　comply act in accordance

　　compound mix or combine

　　conceal hide, keep secret

　　conceit over-high opinion of, too much pride

　　conciliatory intending to or likely to, peaceful

　　concord agreement or harmony

　　concur agree in opinion, happen together

　　condense increase in density, strength, make laconic

　　congeal make or become stiff and solid

　　connoisseur a person with good judgement (eg. in art)

　　consent give agreement or permission

　　consolation consoling or being consoled

　　console give comfort or sympathy to

　　consternation surprise and fear,dismay

　　constrict make tight or smaller

　　consume get to the end of

　　contentious quarrelsome

　　contiguous touching, neighboring, near

　　contrite filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing

　　convoke call together, summon

　　convoluted complicated; coiled, twisted

　　cord twisted strands

　　corporeal physical; of or for the body

　　correlate have a mutual relation

　　corroboration additional, strengthening evidence

　　counterfeit forgery

　　covetous eagerly desirous

　　craven cowardly

　　crease line made by crushing; white line on the ground in criket

　　credulity too great a readiness to believe things

　　credulous ready to believe things

　　crush press, lose shape, subdue, overwhelm

　　cryptic secret, with a hidden meaning

　　cumbersome burdensome, heavy and awkward to carry

　　dart quick movement; missile in darts

　　dawdler person who is slow; waste of time

　　dearth shortage

　　deference respect

　　defiance open disobedience or resistance

　　deflect turn aside

　　deluge great flood, heavy rush of water

　　demur raise an objection

　　dent hollow, depression mad by a blow

　　deposition dethronoment, depositing

　　deprave make morally bad; corrupt

　　derision ridicule, mockery, deriding

　　derivative derived, not original or primitive

　　descry catch sight of, see smth in the distance

　　detach separate

　　diatribe bitter and violent attack in words

　　dilate speak comprehensively, become wider, large

　　disabuse free from false ideas, put right

　　discern see with an effort but clearly

　　discourse speech, lecture

　　dismal sad, gloomy, miserable

　　disparate essentially different

　　dissemble speak or behave so as to hide smth (in mind)

　　dissent have a different opinion, refuse to assent

　　dissipation going away, dispersing

　　distinct easily heard, seen, understood, clearly marked

　　distorted pulled out of the usual shape, give a false account of

　　distraught distracted, violently upset in mind

　　distraught disracted; violently upset in mind

　　divergerence getting farther apart from a point

　　divestiture taking off, getting rid of, giving up

　　divulge make known smth secret

　　dormant in a state of inactivity but awaiting development

　　dote show much fondness, center ones attention

　　drone male bee, person who isnt self-employed

　　drowsiness feeling sleepy, half asleep

　　dud no use person, smth that fails

　　dupe cheat, make a fool of

　　dwarf person or smb much below the usual size

　　earthenware dishes made of baked clay

　　ebullience exuberance, outburst of feeling

　　eddy circular or spiral movement (eg. of wind)

　　effrontery shameless boldness, impudence

　　egress way out, exit

　　elaborate worked out with much care in great detail

　　eloquence fluent speaking; skillful use of language

　　encomium very high praise

　　endemic epidemic

　　endorse write ones name on the back of

　　enervate cause to lose strength

　　engender be the case of (eg. situation, condition)

　　engrossing taken up all the time or attention; writing in large or formal

　　engulf swallow up

　　enigma smth that is puzzling

　　enzyme catalyst

　　epistle letter

　　equilibrium state of being balanced

　　equivocal having a double or doubtful meaning; suspicious

　　equivocate put an end, get rig of

　　erode wear away, eat into

　　erratic irregular in behaviour or opinion

　　escalate increase, develop

　　evaluating finding out the value

　　evaporate change into vapour, disappear, die

　　evoke call up, bring out

　　evolve unfold, develop naturally and gradually

　　exculpate free from blame

　　exoneration set smb slear, free (eg. from blame)

　　exorbitant much too high or great

　　extant still in existence

　　extinct no longer active

　　extirpate destroy utterly

　　extort obtain by threats, violence

　　exuberance state of growing vigorously; being full of life

　　facilitate make easy (eg. a process of smth)

　　fallacy false or mistaken belief

　　fatuous without sense, foolish self-satisfaction

　　faucet device for controlling the outflow of a liquid

　　fawn young deer, try to win smbs favour by servile behaviour

　　feckless futile, irresponsible, inefficient

　　feint pretend

　　felon person guilty of murder

　　ferment substance; become excited

　　ferocity savage cruelty

　　fertile producing much, full of ideas

　　fertilize make fertile or productive

　　fervid showing earnest feeling

　　fervor warmth of feelings; earnestness

　　fidelity loyalty, accuracy

　　fidget move restlessly, make nervous

　　figurehead carved image on the prow of a ship

　　finite limited, having bounds

　　flamboyant brightly colored, florid

　　flammable having tendency to burst into flames

　　flaunting show off complacently

　　flaw crack, lessen value

　　fledged able to fly, trained, experienced

　　fleet number of ships, quick-moving

　　fleeting passing quaickly

　　flexibility easily bent without braking

　　flinch drow, move back, wince

　　florid very much ornamented; naturally red (eg. of face)

　　flout oppose, treat with contempt

　　fluster make nervous or confused

　　foment put smth (to lessen the pain), cause smth

　　foppish like a man who pays too much attention to his clothes

　　forbear refrain from, be patient; ancestor

　　ford shallow place in a river (to cross)

　　forfeit suffer the loss of smth

　　forge workshop for the shaping of metal; to shape metal; lead

　　forgery counterfeit

　　fortuitous happening by chance

　　fragile easily injured, broken or destroyed

　　fragrant sweet-smelling

　　fret worry; irritation; wear away

　　friction the rubbing of one thing against another, difference of opinion

　　fringe edge; ornamental border; part of hair over the forehead

　　frugal careful, economical

　　fulmination bitter protest

　　gainsay deny, contradict

　　gambol quick, playful jumping

　　garment article of clothing

　　garrulous too talkative

　　gaucherie socially awkward, tactless bahaviour

　　gist the point, general sense

　　glib ready and smooth but not sincere

　　gloat over look at with selfish delight

　　glut supply to much, fill to excess

　　gossamer soft, light, delicate material

　　gouge tool for cutting grooves in wood

　　grave serious, requiring consideration

　　grievance cause for complaint or protest

　　grievous causing grief or suffering

　　grooves long channel in the surface, habital way of living

　　grovel crawl, humble oneself

　　guile deceit, cunning

　　gull cheat, decieve

　　gullible easily

　　hallow make holy, regard as holy

　　hamper basket with a lid, prevent free movement or activity

　　hapless unlucky

　　harsh rough, cruel, stern

　　heed pay attention; notice

　　heresy belief contrary to what is generally acceted

　　hoax mischievous trick played on smb for a joke

　　hollow not soled, witha hole

　　holster leather case for a pistol

　　hone stone used for sharpening tools

　　hurdle light frame, fence to be jumped over

　　idolatrous worshipping idols

　　immaculate pure, faultless

　　imminent likely to come or happen soon

　　impaired damaged, weakened

　　impending imminent, being about to happen, expected

　　imperative urgent, essential

　　imperiousness haughty, arrogant, commanding

　　impetuous moving quickly, impulsive without care

　　impiety lack of reverence or dutifulness

　　implausibility incredibility

　　implicate show that smb has a share

　　implicit implied though not plainly expressed

　　imply make a suggestion

　　impromptu without preparation

　　impudence being rash, indisreet

　　impugned challenged, to be doubted

　　inasmuch since, because

　　inchoate just begun, half-form state

　　incise engrave, make a cut in

　　incite stir up, rouse

　　inclined directing the mind in a certain direction

　　incoherently not consistently, unclearly

　　incongruous out of place, not in harmony or agreement

　　incorrigibility cannot be cured or corrected

　　incumbents official duties

　　incursion sudden attack

　　indelible that cannot be rubbed out

　　indigence poverty

　　indigenous native

　　indistinct not easily heard, seen, clearly marked

　　inept unskillful; said or done at the wrong time

　　infertile not fertile, barren

　　infertility being not fertile

　　infuse put, pour, fill

　　inhibit hinder, restrain

　　innocuous causing no harm

　　insipid without taste or flavour

　　insularity being narrow-minded

　　intersperse place here and there

　　intransigent uncompromising

　　introspection examining ones own thoughts and feelings

　　invective abusive language, curses

　　inveigle trick by using flattery, deception

　　inveterate deep-rooted. long-established

　　irate angry

　　ire anger

　　irksome tiresome

　　irrelevant not relevant, not connected

　　irrevocable final and unalterable

　　itinerary plan for a journey, details or records of a route

　　jabber talk excitedly; utter rapidly

　　lackluster (of eyes) dull

　　lag go too slow

　　latent present but not yet active, developed or visible

　　laudatory expressing or giving praise

　　lavish giving or producing freely, liberally or generously

　　leakage the process of leaking

　　lien legal claim until a debt on it is repaid

　　limp lacking strength, walking unevenly

　　loll rest, to sit or stand in a lazy way; hang (dogs tongue)

　　loquacious talkative

　　lubricant substance that makes work easier

　　lubricate put oil to make work easily

　　lugubrious dismal, mourful;

　　lull become quiet or less active

　　luminary star, light-giving body

　　macabre gruesome, suggesting death

　　maladroit tactless, clumpsy

　　malapropism misuse of a word (for one that resembles it)

　　malign injurious, speak ill of smb, tell lie

　　martial brave, of associated with war

　　massacre cruel killing of a large number of people

　　matriculation be admitted, enter a university as a student

　　mature come to full development, to a state ready for use

　　mendacious false

　　mercurial lively, quick-witted; inconsistent, changeable

　　meretricious attractive on the surface but of little value

　　mischievous harmful, causing mischief

　　miser person who loves wealth and spends little

　　missile smth that is thrown or shot

　　moderation quality of being limited, not extreme

　　mollify make calmer or quiter

　　molt moult, lose hair, feathers before new growing

　　morbid diseased, unhealthy (eg. about ideas)

　　morose ill-tempered, unsocial

　　mortuary place where dead bodies are taken to be kept until burial

　　mundane wordly, ordinary, dull

　　negligent taking too little care

　　noisome offensive, disgusting (smell)

　　nonplussed greatly surprised

　　noxious harmful

　　numb without ability to feel or move

　　numbness without ability to move a finger

　　obdurate stubborn, impenitent

　　obsequious too eager to obey or serve

　　officious too eager or ready to help, offer advice

　　opprobrious showing scorn or reproach

　　ostentation display to obtain admiration or envy

　　ostentatious fond of

　　ostracism shut out from society, refuse to meet, talk

　　ostrich fast-running bird unable to fly

　　outset start

　　overhaul examine thoroughly to learn about the condition

　　overwhelm weigh down, submerge

　　palpability can be felt, touched, understood

　　palpitate tremble, beat rapidly and irregularly

　　parenthesis sentense within another one, smth separated

　　parsimonious too economical, miserly

　　peccadillo small sin; small weakness in ones character

　　penchant taste, liking, inclination

　　penury poverty

　　peremptory not to be disobeyed or questioned

　　perennial lasting for a long time (eg. a year)

　　perfidious treacheres, faithless

　　perfidy treachery; breaking of faith

　　perfunctory done as a duty withour care

　　perjury wilful fasle statement, unlawful act

　　pernicious harmful, injurious

　　persevere keep on steadily, continue

　　pertain belong as a part, have reference

　　pest destructive thing or a person who is nuisance

　　petulant unreasonably impatient

　　pied of mixed colors

　　pinch be too tight, take between the thumb and finger

　　pious dutifull to parents; devoted to religion

　　pique hirt the pride or self-respect, stir (curiosity)

　　pitfall covered hole as a trap, unsuspected danger

　　pith essential part, force, soft liquid substance

　　placate soothe, pacify, calm

　　plaque flat metal on a wall as a memorial

　　plea request

　　plead address a court of law as an advocate

　　plethora glut

　　pliant pliable, easile bent, shaped or twisted

　　plod continue doing smth without resting

　　pluck pull the feathers off, pick (eg. flowers)

　　plummet fall, plunge, steeply

　　plunge move quickly, suddenly and with force

　　poise be ready, be balanced, self-possession

　　ponderous heavy, bulky, dull

　　posture state, attitude; adopt a vain

　　poverty state of being poor

　　precept moral instruction

　　precipitate throw smth violently down from a height

　　precursory peliminary, anticipating

　　predilection special liking, mental preference

　　preempt obtain by preemption or in advance

　　premature doing or happening smth before the right time

　　presage warning sign

　　pristine primitive

　　procrastination keeping on putting off

　　prodigious enormous, wonderful

　　profane wordly, having contempt for God

　　profundity depth

　　proliferate grow, reproduce by rapid multification

　　prolix tiring because too long

　　propagation increasing the number, spreading, extending

　　prudence careful forethought

　　prudish easily shocked, excessively modest

　　prune dried plum, silly person

　　prune cut away part in order to control growth

　　pugnacious fond of, in the habit of

　　punch strike with the fist; tool for cutting holes; alc. drink

　　pundit pedant, authority on a subject

　　pungency sharpness

　　pyre large pile of wood for burning

　　quack person dishonestly claiming to smth

　　qualm feeling of doubt, temporary feeling of sickness in the stomach

　　qualms feelings of doubt, sickness in the stomach

　　quell suppress, subdue

　　quixotic generous, unselfish

　　raconter person who tells anecdotes

　　rancorous feeling bitterness, spitefulness

　　rapacious greedy (esp for money)

　　recalcitrant disobedient

　　recast cast or fashoin anew

　　reciprocity granting of privileges in return for similiar

　　recitals a number of, performance of music

　　recluse person who lives alone and avoids people

　　recuperate become strong after illness, loss, exhaustion

　　redeem get back by payment; compensate

　　refine make or become pure, cultural

　　rejuvenation becoming young in nature or appearence

　　relapse fall back again

　　relinquish give up

　　reluctant unwilling or disinclined

　　renovate restore smth to better condition

　　rent regular payment for the use of smth, division or split

　　repine at be discontented with

　　reproach scold, upbraid

　　requite repay, give in return

　　resilience quality of quickly recovering the proginal shape

　　restive refusing to move; reluctant to be controlled

　　resurrect bring back into use

　　resuscitation coming back to consciousness

　　reticent reserved, in the habit of saying little

　　revere have deep respect for

　　rift split, crack, dissension

　　rivet fix, take up, secure; matel pin

　　roll call calling of names

　　rope thick strong cord made by twisting

　　savant person of great learning

　　savor taste, flavour smth

　　sawdust tiny bits of wood

　　scabbard sheath for the blade

　　scent smell (esp pleasant)

　　scurvy diseased state of the blood caused by eating too much salt

　　seal piece of wax, lead, etc stamped on the document

　　sedulous persevering

　　sequence succession, connected line of

　　serration having a toothed edge

　　servile like a slave, lacking independence

　　shaft arrow or spear, smth long and narrow

　　shallow little depth; not earnest

　　shard piece of broken earthenware

　　sheath cover for the blade of a weapon or a tool

　　shove push

　　shrill sparp, piercing

　　shun keep away from; avoid

　　shunt send from one track to another; lay aside; evade discussion

　　sidestep step to one side

　　skiff small boat

　　skit short piece of humorous writing

　　slate king of blue-grey stone; propose; critisize

　　sluggard lazy, slow-moving person

　　sluggish inactive, slow-moving

　　soar rise, fly high

　　sober self-controlled

　　sobriety quality or condition of being sober

　　soggy heavy with water

　　solvent of the power of forming a solution

　　somatic of the body

　　soot black powder in smoke

　　sophisticated complex, subtle, refined

　　sordid wretched, comfortless, contemptible

　　spear weapon with a metal point on a long shaft

　　specious seeming right or true but not really so

　　squalid dirty, mean

　　squander spend wastefully

　　steeply rising or falling sharply

　　stickler person who insists on importance of smth

　　stigma mark of shame or disgrace

　　sting smth sharp

　　stingy spending, using unwillingly

　　stipulate state or put forward as a necessary condition

　　strands smth twisted together into a rope, line of development

　　stray wander, lose ones way

　　stygian hence, dark, gloomy

　　subdue overcome, bring under control

　　submerge put under water, liquid, sink out of sight

　　suborn indice by bribery or smth to commit perjury

　　subpoena written order requiring a person to appear in a low court

　　sullied to be stained or discredited

　　superfluous more then is needed or wanted

　　supersede take the place of

　　supine inactive, lying flat on the back

　　susceptibility sensitiveness

　　sustain keep from falling; maintain; suffer; give a decision

　　synopsis summary or outline

　　taciturn saying very little

　　talon claw of a bird of prey

　　tamp tap or drive down by repeated light blows

　　tarnished lost brightness

　　taunt contemptuous reproach, hurtful remark

　　tedious tiresome

　　temperance abstinence from alcohol, self-control, moderation

　　tenuous thin, slender

　　terse brief and to the point

　　thrift care, economy, thriving, prosperous

　　timid shy, easily frightened

　　tolerable fairly good

　　tonic smth giving strength or energy

　　topple be unsteady and overturn

　　tortuous full of twists and bends

　　tout person who worries others to buy smth, to use his service

　　touting act as tout

　　toy think not seriously, handle absent-mindedly

　　tractable easily controlled or guided

　　trend tendency, general direction

　　trepidation alarm, excited state of mind

　　turbulence being uncontrolled, violent

　　underbid make a lower bid then smb else

　　undermine weaken gradually, at the base, make smth under

　　unfeigned not pretended, sincere

　　unscathed unharmed, unhurt

　　untoward unfortunate, inconvenient

　　upbraid scold, reproach

　　urbane polite, elegant

　　vacillation being uncertain, hesitating

　　vain without use, value or result

　　valiant brave

　　valorous brave

　　vapor stim, mist

　　veer change direction

　　veneration regard with deep respect

　　veritable real, rightly named

　　verve spirit, vigour, enthusiasm

　　vex annoy, distress, trouble

　　vigilance watchfulness, self-appointed group who maintain order