| 广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com
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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com
| 庄子GRE写作中文翻译ISSUE(三) | | |
转摘自：新东方论坛 新东方老师信区
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有效的政治领袖不可能永远讲真话。完全的城市对于政客而言不是实用的美德。
Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
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在任何领域苛刻的评价没有价值，除非来自于该领域的专家。
Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other.
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那些认为自己超然于政治和道德之外的人们没有意识到自己非此即彼。
The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.
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一个伟大国家的真实的指标不是其统治者，艺术家，或科学家的成就，而是所有人们的共同福利。
People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.
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完全为个人理由而追求自己学术文化兴趣的人们比那些为公共利益而努力的人们更可能造福社会。
What most people consider normal or natural merely reflects the unexamined beliefs and preconceptions that this person received uncritically while growing up.
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人们认为正常或自然的不过反映了在成长过程中该个体未加检查而接受的信仰和偏见而已。
Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time.
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重要的真理初始之时是对当时人们普遍接受的贤明进行令人无法容忍的攻击，至少是不那么令人舒服的攻击。
Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.
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创造性并非意味着思考那些前无古人的东西，而是把陈旧的观点用一种崭新的方式放在一起。
Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.
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法律不应固定不变，相反法律应具备足够的弹性解决不同的情景，时间，和地点产生的变化。
It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.
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总是某一个个体是发明的推动力，而具体的细节可以有一个团队完成，但是发明的结果来自与一个个体的独到的观念和进取心。
The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.
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科学的功能是确定，艺术的作用是推翻。二者各具其效。
The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.
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某一学科的研究改变我们观察世界的方式。学过该学科后，我们看到的世界还是同样的世界，但是我们看待世界的眼光却变化了。
It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on peoples behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in peoples hearts and minds.
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可以通过法律或控制或限制人们的行为，但是立法不能改变人性。立法不能改变人们心理和脑子里的东西。
What most human beings really want is not discovery and change but reassurance.
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人们大多数不想变化或探索什么，而是想确定什么。
Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated.
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我们现代社会的问题不能通过法律和立法体系解决，因为道德行为无法法制化。
The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more a matter of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.
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在学术领域里学生和学者们解释他们使用的物质材料的方法与其说是训练不如说是个性话的东西。个性不同的人们看待完全相同的事物，事实，数据，事件就有完全不同的解释。
It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.
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仅仅相信智力是危险的。
As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.
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我们的知识越多，事情不是更好理解，而是更加复杂与神秘。
It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.
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在没有数据之前就形成理论是个郁闷的错误。
Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or other areas-can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
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无论是政治，学术，还是其它领域的流言蜚语，可以是有用的。它们能以改革者或发言人无法做到的方式把人们的注意力集中问题上。
Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in todays world.
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实用性是我们现在的大偶像，所有的权利和智力都必须服从它。在当今的世界任何不是明显现实的东西没有什么用处。
It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice.
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接受发明和新的观点不难，然而人们感到困难的是接受这些新观点投入实践的方式。
Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.
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无论是学术还是职业的成功包括在新环境中生存的能力，并且最终改变这些环境。
If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present.
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如果人们无视过去的伟大事物，那时因为这些东西不能满足当今的需求。
As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate-and, perhaps, even cruel-when one considers all the potential uses of such money.
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当社会中的人们饥饿，失业，或缺少生存的技能时，使用公共资源去支持艺术是不正确的，而且如果考虑到可能花掉那么多钱，它甚至是残忍的。
Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers.
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教育应当丰富学生生活，同时训练他们成为生产工人。
Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.
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生活中任何领域的成功更经常来于冒险或机遇，而不是仔细的谨慎的计划。
It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance.
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具有持久的意义的不是那些成为头条新闻的政治事件，而是那些鲜为报道的社会变革。
The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative.
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最好的迎接生活或事业的准备不是学会竞争，而是学会合作。
The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.
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政治的目标不应该是追求一个理想，而是寻找合理的舆论和共同的基础。
Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.
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技术产生的问题比解决的问题还多，技术甚至可能危及或破坏生活的质量。
The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.
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一个国家物质的进步和福利的改善必然和所有其他国家的物质进步和福利有联系。
Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences.
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不是去鼓励顺从，社会应当对个体差异表现出赏识的态度。
Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.
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真正革新的观点不是来自于一个群体而是产生于个体，当一群人试图创造时，每个成员迫使他人妥协，结果，创造性的观点受到损害而且变成传统，很多新奇的想法来自与独立工作的个人。
The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others.
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最难以捉摸的知识是自我认识。而它常得之于独处而非和别人交往。
The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas-not to prepare them for a specific job.
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教育之目的应该给学生提供一套价值体系，标准，观点，而不是为某些具体工作而培养他们。
Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.
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不象伟大的思想家和艺术家，最有效的政治领袖经常屈从舆论并为妥协而放弃原则。
The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.
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理解一个社会的最好的方式是理解这个社会选来做英雄的男男女女。
We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all.
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我们通过直接经验学习，未经体验地接受一个理论什么也学不到。
As societies all over the world have more and more access to new information, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive.
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各个社会里有权使用越来越多的信息，终生教育只能是有积极作用的。
People should not be too quick in trying to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do.
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人们应当三思而后行，行动之前应该考虑可能的后果。
Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.
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典礼和仪式可以详细说明一种文化。没有它们，社会群体对自我的认识就淡漠。
The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a societys ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.
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人们的相貌，衣着，行为表现出他们的态度和兴趣。可以通过观察一个社会中人们的外表和行为看出社会的价值观念。
Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.
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在观点不同的人之间进行讨论最容易产生进步。
Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.
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很多人选择事业的基础是诸如经济需求，求职的相对难易度，预期的薪酬等实际的考虑。很少有人能够根据自己对某一具体工作的天赋和兴趣自由选择职业。
Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions.
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无论是政府决策，公司策略，还是个体决定，都必须对将来的情况比现状给予更多考虑。
If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.
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如果目标有价值，为实现该目标的任何手段都是合理的。
Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others so that they can learn to criticize the views of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others-that is, the ability to achieve social harmony-should be a major goal in every school.
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太多强调学生挑战别人的观点以至于他们可以批评别人的观点。事实上，妥协并且和人合作，也就是实现社会的和谐，更应该是每一个学校的目标。
Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.
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社会应该辨别出具有特殊天赋和能力的孩子并且在他们幼小的时候给予培训以至于他们最终能够超越自己的能力所及的范围。否则这些能力就不可能被发展。
The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effect of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single issue over a long period of time.
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当今世界的视觉影像狂轰乱炸，使人们越来越不可能对单一问题进行长期的，广泛而且清楚地集中注意力。
Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.
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最重要的发现发明创造都是偶然的。通常是在寻找某一问题的答案时，发现另一问题的答案。
In order to produce successful original work, scholars and scientists must first study the successful work of others to learn what contributions remain to be made.
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为了生产成功的创新的作品，科学家和学者应该首先研究别人的成功的作品，弄清楚哪些东西尚需要完善。
In order for any work of art-whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
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任何艺术的作品，无论是电影，文学，雕塑，或歌曲，如果要成为有价值的作品，必需使大多数人们能够理解它们。
The private lives of public officials are irrelevant to their work in governing and serving the public and therefore should not be subjected to public scrutiny and comment.
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公共官员的私生活和他们对公共进行管理服务的工作无关，因此不应该受到公共的评价和审查。
Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with-much less contribute to-the quantity of information that is now available electronically.
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计算机技术使人们接触到大量事实信息，人们不比以前，很少进行深刻的创造的思考。他们无法和现在大量可用的电子化的信息竞争，因此他们对这些信息数量无所增减。
The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are unable to influence each other.
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知识的增加迫使人们专业化，因此学科之间的差距如此巨大，以至于不同领域的专家不能互相影响。
The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history.
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研究历史的主要的好处是打破人们认为在一个时期的人们和历史上任何其他时期的人们迥然不同的幻觉。
Learning for learnings sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals.
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为学而学是一个过时的观念。今天教育必须服务于一个更远的宗旨，而且可以被导引到明确的目标上。
Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with school or college.
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教育主要是个人的事务，和学校与大学鲜有关联。
Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified.
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审查几乎从来都不是正当的。
People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.
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人们经常在甚至迥然不同事物之间寻找相同之处，即使此种寻求同性的做法毫无益处甚至有害。相反，人们应该考虑一个事物本身的特性，而不应该把它和其他事物做比较。
People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.
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如果人们认为他们当今面临的问题比起自己祖辈所面对的更加复杂，更具有挑战性，他们就错了。这种幻觉最终为增加的知识和经验所驱散。
To remain vigorous, any academic field needs to be led by truly independent thinkers who are willing to ignore established boundaries and challenge long-standing assumptions.
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为了保持活力，任何学术领域的领袖，必须是独立的思考者，他们对固有的陈规和束缚置之不理。而且他们对长期享有声誉的假设进行挑战。
The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole.
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学习一个学科或技能最好的方法是深刻地研究细节和局部的东西，而不是从形成一个整体的感觉入手。
College students-and people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction.
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大学生和一般的人们喜欢有指导而不是自己做出决策。因此大学为了给学生以明确的指导，应该尽可能地减少他们的选择余地 。
Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, Moderation in most things, since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.
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“凡事中庸”是错误的。相反应该说，“大多数时候中庸”，因为人类关注的诸多领域要求极端，至少可以从极端中获益。
The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns.
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教育之目的应该是创造出一个独立于外界的学术氛围。这是理想的，因为它允许学生集中精力于重要的观点，不为实际事物的关注阻碍。
Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
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尽管诸如录象机，计算机，和因特网之类的技术进步改善了学校的教学手段，可是这些技术太经常地分散学生的真正的学习注意力。
Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty-whether to ones friends, to ones school or place of employment, or to any institution-is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.
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忠诚被认为是一种美德，但是忠诚，无论是对朋友，学校，还是职务，或其它任何机构，更经常地起到破坏而非积极的作用。
Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful.
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鼓励年轻人，让他们认为自己如果努力就可以成就伟大的事业，这是有害的，有误导性的。
Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone-not just scholars-to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original works.
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通过计算机和摄象机技术，任何人都可以使用诸如绘画和历史文献的原作的复印件。这项技术的最伟大的优点是它保证任何人，而非仅仅学者，在不需原作的情况下进行深入的研究。
Heroes and heroines are not people with outstanding strength of character; instead, they are usually just people who happened to be in the right place at the right time.
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男女英雄并非具备杰出的个性的人们。他们只不过是在合适的时间，合适的地点而已。
Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback.
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对于别人或其它群体的工作采取积极反映虽然容易，但是给出负面的反馈更有价值。
An individuals greatness cannot be judged by his or her contemporaries. The most objective evaluators of a persons greatness are not his or her contemporaries but rather those who belong to a later time.
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个体的伟大之处不能有他或她的同时代人判断。最客观的评价者是其后代而非当代。
Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.
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社会应保护所有的动植物物种，无论花费多大的人类努力，时间，金钱。
The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.
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文明的真正价值体现在艺术创造而非科学成就上。
Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them.
很多社会并不把伟大的思想家看得很重，虽然这些社会宣言自己尊敬思想家。
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