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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com
| 庄子GRE写作中文翻译ISSUE(二) | | |
转摘自：新东方论坛 新东方老师信区
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政府对艺术的财政援助危害艺术的整体性。
Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
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应该鼓励年轻人追求长期的现实的目标， 而不是寻求一时的声誉和知名度。
In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.
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在任何知识领域，入门者比专家更可能做出重大发现。
Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.
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技术不仅影响社会习俗和伦理，实际是决定它们。
Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them.
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领导更主要产生于加在他们身上的需求。（对人们的需求使他们成为领导）
College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market.
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应当鼓励大学生学习他们感兴趣的课程，而不是那些有希望进入就业市场的课程
Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values.
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很多人认为自己的根深蒂固持有的价值观念是理智选择的结果，但是理性和人们价值观念的形成很少有关系。
In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.
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在任何学术领域或职业里，认识到我们知识和理解力的局限和获得事实与信息一样重要。
The concept of ‘individual responsibility is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, peoples behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
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“个人责任”的概念是个必要的幻觉，尽管社会必须为自己的行为负责，人们的行为主要是强力决定而不是人们自我决定的。
Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
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大学应该要求所有的学生学习几门他们自己专业以外的课程，因为获得各种学科的知识是最好的受教育的方式。
People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.
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人们在团队中比单个工作的效率高。团队运作要求合作，而这种合作比个体竞争更具有激励作用。
Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence of any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged.
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尽管艺术评论家倾向于否定存在任何客观的艺术作品的评价标准，他们有责任确立评价艺术作品的标准。
It is important that nations, communities, and families continue to observe holidays and traditional celebrations, for these repeated experiences validate and strengthen a sense of who they are as a culture.
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国家，社区，和家庭遵守节日和传统的庆典是很重要的，因为这种重复的经验确定了并且强化了他们作为一个文化的认知感。
It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of peoples lives.
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政治决策和政治活动影响人们生活的方方面面，这很不幸但是却是事实。
Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.
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大学和学院应该提供更多的关于流行音乐，电影，广告，和电视的课程，因为当代文化比过去的文学和艺术和学生的关系更大。
In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political-the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.
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生活的任何领域，无论是学术，社会，商业，还是政治。成功的唯一途径是采取实际的而不是理想化的观点和态度。实际的行为保证生存，而理想化的态度容易被简单直接的选择而取代。
The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the quality of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development.
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在学校里获得高分的压力严重限制了学习的质量。一个没有分数的教育环境会促进真正的学术文化的发展。
Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people.
政府应当为艺术家提供资金从而是艺术繁荣并推向所有的人们。
For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past.
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无论好坏，教育是一个对与过去人们持有的观念，信仰，和价值的修订的过程。
The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.
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对于历史的研究仅仅在和当今生活有关的程度上是有价值的。
It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.
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一个文化使其尊崇的价值观点永恒，并且否定它不崇尚的观念，主要是通过正规教育完成的。
The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from its own citizens.
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一个国家的真正的实力是通过该国的政府对来自人民的挑战的容忍而证明的。
All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects.
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所有的学生至少要学习一门伦理学的课程，即使学习该课程意味着对学术课程的强调程度的降低。
Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view.
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即使通讯系统鼓励人们迅速形成观点并且给出快速的答复，而不是花时间形成深思的，推理正确的观点。
In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings-trials, debates, meetings, etc-that are televised, the more society will benefit.
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在很多的国家里，现在可以打开电视观看政府工作的情形，观看这些过程帮助人们理解那些影响他们生活的问题。电视上此类政府过程越多，比如审判，会议，讨论等，社会获益越大。
The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will be like the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.
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大多广告的目的是使顾客购买一种产品一致于他们能够象广告中的人。这种做法是有效的因为不仅销售了产品而且还帮助人们自我感觉良好。
When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers.
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当我们开始研究历史时，我们变成讲故事的人。因为我们永远不可能直接了解历史而是通过解释证据重构历史事实，探索历史与其说是一个客观的职业不如说是一个创造性的事业。所有的历史学家都是讲故事者。
The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures.
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电视节目和广告的世界范围内的传播严重地削弱了文化之间的差异。
Some educational systems emphasize the development of students capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.
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一些教育体系强调学生推理和逻辑思考能力的发展，但是如果教育体系同时教育学生探索自己的情感世界，学生会获益更多。
It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.
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我们主要通过辩识社会群体来定义自己。
Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.
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在过去的一个世纪里，人类没有什么进步，技术革新了，但是整个的人类并未见好。战争，暴力，贫穷依然存在。技术不能改变人类的状况。
It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.
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通过使用逻辑和准确的测量，我们意识到自己的进步。如果没有这些工具，我们就无法参照自己进步还是后退的状况。
With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society-including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences-will benefit greatly from international influences.
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在诸如经济和通讯的领域里随着全球网络的增长，毫无疑问社会的任何领域，包括教育，政治，艺术，和科学，都会极大地获益与国际的影响。
The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience.
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从书本获得的知识的深度和广度都要比来自直接经验的知识更加丰富。
In any field of endeavor-the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.-it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal.
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在任何的领域，科学，人文，社科，工业等，重要的不是目标的实现，而是在实现目标的过程中出现的观念和发现。
When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many peoples lives will be improved if the results are successful?
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当把优先权放在科学，教育，或任何其它的研究领域上时，最重要的问题是要考虑：如果该结果实现的话，有多少人的生活会被提高？
So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.
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今天是如此复杂，新鲜，以至回眸过去理解历史对于目前的生活提供不了什么知道价值。
At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.
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在地质过程中，很多物种由于自然而非人类的因素而灭绝了？因此社会没有理由做出特别的努力去拯救濒于危境的物种，尤其是花费成本很高，就更不应该。
It is possible to identify a persons politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people-their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat-reflects their political beliefs.
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通过短时间的接触可以辨别一个人的政治观点。任何关于一个人的东西，比如服装，交友，谈吐，饮食无不反映人们的政治信仰。
Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before.
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快餐，即时通讯，快速的交通，所有这一切的发展都是旨在节约时间。具有讽刺意味的是人们没有创造更多的闲暇，这些发展导致了人间事务的节奏更加仓促，更加 狂乱。
The past is no predictor of the future.
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过去不是将来的预言者。
Societys external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be gauged in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.
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社会的外部酬劳不是真正成功的量度。真正的成功可以由一个人设定给自己的目标而衡量。
Practical people, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are in fact the unknowing slaves of values and ideas that were worked out by intellectuals of the past.
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现实的人们，他们相信自己独立于任何文化学术影响之外，实际上是过去知识分子制造的价值理念的无知的奴隶。
Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.
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事实就是事实，铁定的，不能由人的意识，倾向，或热情而改变
It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.
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教育常常被认为是去解放人的灵魂和精神。现实中，教育倾向与限制而非解放人类的精神和心灵。
Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life.
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技术是人们现代生活中必要的但未必总是积极的。
How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.
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孩子如何被社会化决定社会的命运。遗憾的是，对于那些能够创造出一个更美好的社会的儿童，我们尚未学会如何教养他们。
The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.
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艺术，包括绘画，音乐，文学等揭露了其它无法揭露的理念和社会推动力。
The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: We live in terrible times. Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time.
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现代社会的问题使很多人抱怨说：“我们生活在可怕的时代”。但是如果选择，今天谁也不会愿意生活在其它任何时代。
Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs.
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应该鼓励学生认识到敏捷的的思维，巧妙的言辞必须伴随真诚和对自己信仰的深信不疑。
While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems.
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很多我们面临的环境问题起源于技术，但是社会却必须依靠技术找出这些问题的解决方案。
The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare.
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毫无选择是极罕见的情况。
What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another.
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我们称之为进步的东西无非一个问题和另一个问题交换而已。
Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.
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仅仅通过错误才会有发现和进步。
What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.
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社会认为最伟大的社会，政治，和个人的成就经常起因于最大的不满。
Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.
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很多人承认个性的好处，但是事实上个人的经济成功要求服从。
The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.
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当很多人质问权威时，社会福利得以强化。
Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artists creativity.
*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
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艺术家不应注意艺术评论家。艺术评论倾向与破坏并限制艺术创造性。
It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value.
*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
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是艺术家而非评论家给出社会的持久的价值。
A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing ones principles.
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一个关键的性格测试是一个人能否适应社会传统的变革而不牺牲自己的原则
People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.
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最忠实于一种观念或政策的人是最该观念或政策的最严厉的批评者。
Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.
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传统和现代不兼容。人们 必须选择其一。
Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or danger.
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很多人崇尚理想主义，但是理想经常导致失望和危险。
One of the most harmful technological innovations of all time is the automobile.
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汽车是所有时代最具有破坏作用的技术革新。
The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects.
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保护野生地的最实际最有效的方法是通过环境敏感的项目吸引更多的游客来参观这些地区。
Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.
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由于电视和全球微机的连网，人们可以更加熟悉很多的他们从未参观的地方。因此。旅游业行将作废。
High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.
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高速电子通讯媒体，诸如电子邮件和电视，倾向阻止有意义的深度的交流。
The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.
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公司经理的唯一职责就是在合法的范围内尽可能地为公司赚钱。
To guarantee quality education in elementary and secondary schools, the students parents must be actively involved in defining the schools educational policies.
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为保证基础素质教育，学生的父母必须积极参与学校的教育政策的制定。
Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.
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学生应当对所学的一切产生某种怀疑。他们应该对所学的进行积极发问而不是被动接受。
Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.
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父母和社区都应该参与学校行为，教育太重要了，不能完全六给一群职业教育者负责。
There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observers expectations or desires.
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没有所谓的纯粹的客观观测。所有的观测都是主观的。他们通常被观测者的期望和欲望所导引。
The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.
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人的智力永远优越于机器因为机器只是人类心智的工具。
The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
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一个有效的领导的最本质的能力是坚持目标和忠实某些具体的原则。任何受到舆论影响而快速变化的领导不能成就大事。
In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
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在这个媒体的时代，任何社会不可能把任何的男人或女人看作英雄。任何受到媒体检查的个体的声誉最终会消失。
One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed.
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经常有人说个体需要对自己的生活负责。但是，那些根深蒂固的情形大多远在人们认识到它们之前就形成了。因此所谓自己负责之说十分复杂而且不现实。
Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.
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有时，想象远比经验有价值。缺少经验的人们自由想象可能的情景，因此可以不受既定的习惯和态度制约地处理一些问题。
In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.
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在任何给定的领域里，主导的呼声来自于表达和不同于大多数人持有观点不同的见解的欲望，而非来来自于那些受到传统而激励的人们。
It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.
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