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GRE写作中文翻译ISSUE(一)
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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com The Pool of Issue Topics Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views. "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning." ------------------------------ 赞成我们的人比与我们意见不同的人常常可以使我们学到更多的东西。分歧可以导致压抑并且阻碍知识的获得。 "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." ------------------------------ 对社会而言，竞争最终利大于弊。 "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations." ------------------------------ 拨款解决现存的紧急的问题比拨款给那些对子孙后代有益的长期的研究更重要。 "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study." ------------------------------ 任何学术领域，如果没有外界知识和经验的引入，自身不能有显著的发展。 "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer." ------------------------------ 一个国家应当要求大学之前的学生学习同样的课程，而不应该允许不同地区的学校自行决定学习课程。 "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth." ------------------------------ 理解当代文化的最有效的方式是分析年轻人的趋势。 "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records." ------------------------------ 作为记录的形式，录像机比书面记录更加重要，因为它能够正准确可信地记录当代现实生活。 "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public." ------------------------------ 作为政客常常有必要对公众隐藏某些信息，这样有时甚至是人们需求的。 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars’’ ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use." ------------------------------ 学术研究的划分如此专业以至学者的观点只能传给有限的听众。除非学者的观点可以有广泛的听众，否则其观点鲜有价值。 "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation’’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated." ------------------------------ 政府必须保证其城市为繁荣兴旺获得必需的财政援助，因为主要是城市创造并保存一个国家的文化传统。 "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world’’s most persistent social problems." ------------------------------ 所有的国家都必须支持一所环球大学的发展，该大学旨在解决全球最持久的社会问题。 "People’’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic." ------------------------------ 决定人们的态度的主要是由直接的环境和情景所，其次是内在的性格。 "Many of the world’’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct." ----------------------------- 某些小语种由于使用的人数越来越少就更鲜为人知。这些小语种的国家政府因此应该行动起来阻止起语言的灭绝。 "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature." ------------------------------ 人人都要读诗歌，小说，神话，和其它类型充满想象的文学。 "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior." ------------------------------ 一个社会的稳定取决于它如何对人的极端行为做出反应。 "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals." ------------------------------ 尽管很多人认为现代生活的奢华与安逸完全无害，但是它实际阻碍真正的强悍独立的个人的发展。 "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws." ------------------------------ 法律有正义和非正义的两种。任何个体在社会中有义务遵守正义的法，但是更重要的是不遵守并且抵制邪恶的法律。 "Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible." ------------------------------ 任何人都可以把事物变得复杂，庞大。相反，真正需要努力的并应该鼓励的是去尽可能地简化它。 "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society’’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served." ------------------------------ 很多人都会同意建筑物代表一个社会历史的宝贵记录，但是当现代的规划人员可以为当前的目的更好地使用那些古老建筑物占据的土地时，就引起争论。在这种情况下，现代的开发应该把满足目前的需要作为首要的考虑，而不是古老的历史建筑的保存 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little." ------------------------------ 学生应该在学习解释事实的趋势，观念，和概念后再记忆事实。那些只学到事实的学生实际没学到什么。 "Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy." ------------------------------ 诸如演员，政客，和运动员应当希望公众对他们的私生活感兴趣。当他们寻求一个公共角色时，他们应该希望自己丧失至少一些私生活。 "The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time." ------------------------------ 技术进步的主要目标应该是增加人们的效率从而使人们有更多的闲时间。 "Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial." ------------------------------ 在研究上的花费总是良好的投资，即使当研究结果引起争议的时候。 "Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image." ------------------------------ 在当代的社会里创造一个比真实的事物本身更具有吸引力的形象是很重要的。 "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries." ------------------------------ 一个人的伟大之处只能由后来的人决定，而不是由当代的人来决定。 "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books." ------------------------------ 在这个电视的时代，读书不再如以往那么重要。人们可以通过看电视学到读书所能学到的东西。 "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem." ------------------------------ 学者和研究人员不应当关注他们的工作对社会是否有贡献，重要的是他们要追求自己的兴趣，无论这些兴趣是多么平庸还是多么特殊。 "Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science." ------------------------------ 诸如占星术，算命，鬼魅灵魂等超自然的非主流领域通过满足人们的主流科学没有解决的需求而在社会中起着重要的作用。 "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards." ------------------------------ 要成为有效的领导，一个官员应当保持最高的伦理和道德标准。 "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation." ------------------------------ 虽然一些在政府，体育，工业，和其它领域的领导人物把自己的成功归因于良好的竞争意识，一个社会却可以通过灌输给年轻人合作的精神培养领导人才。 "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills." ------------------------------ 社会并没有对智力——推理和其他认知技能——给予足够的重视。 "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten." ------------------------------ 历史研究过度强调个体人物，但是最重要的历史事件和潮流并不是少数知名人物缔造的，相反，而是那些早已被人们忘却的多数所创造。 "Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance." ------------------------------ 比起事实的记录，想象为主的作品诸如小说，戏剧，电影，童话，传说等更准确的描绘了人类的存在，而且也更有意义。因为这些作品的作者着眼于事实，塑造事实，而非真实地去报导它们，因此这些作品更有持久的意义。 "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach." ------------------------------ 为了在大学和学院里提高教学的质量，所有的教师都应该在自己所教学科相关的非学术性的职业里工作一段时间。 "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student." ------------------------------ 仅仅当教育是为了满足每一个学生的具体的兴趣和需求时它才是真正有意义的。 "Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony." ------------------------------ 教育鼓励学生去责问，批评，因此对促进社会的和谐作用甚微。 "College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government." ------------------------------ 大学教育应当免费地面向所有的学生，完全有政府提供财政援助。 "History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today." ------------------------------ 历史只教会我们一件事：了解过去并不能帮助人们对当今事务做出重要的决策。 "Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education." ------------------------------ 在各层教育上，为高分的竞争严重地限制学习的质量。 "Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future." ------------------------------ 政府应当更多地关注解决当今急迫的问题，其次才是去试图解决将来的问题。 "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience." ------------------------------ 从书本获得知识要比来于直接经验的知识更深更广。 "The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves." ------------------------------ 今天逐渐加速的生活节奏产生的问题比解决的问题更多。 "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them." ------------------------------ 人们太关注榜样了。人们应该学会如何独立的思考和行动从而做出对自己最有利的选择，而不是模仿别人。 "The media and society in general mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group." ------------------------------ 无论个体是否真正代表整个群体的观点，媒体和社会作为一个整体期望个体为某一个群体发言，这是错误的。 "High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they reinforce an unhealthy desire for recognition." ------------------------------ 诸如诺贝尔奖之类的HIGH-PROFILE的奖赏实际上对社会有害，因为它们助长了沽名钓誉的歪风。 （HIGH-PROFILE一词无法查到准确的汉语翻译，而且在2002/6/24 ETS的官方网站上该题出现两次） "The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient." ------------------------------ 在生活中人们把自我提高当作一个目标是一个普遍的错误，因为这假设人是本质上有缺陷的。 "To truly understand your own culture-no matter how you define it-requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own." ------------------------------ 无论你怎样定义自己的文化，要真正理解它，你至少要具备一个其他文化的知识，一个与自己的截然不同的文化。 "Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it." ------------------------------ 大多数人知道如何获得成功但是鲜有人知道如何最佳利用这些成功。 "People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups." ------------------------------ 人们在社会里受到鼓励去关注事物之间明显的差异，以至于人们没有意识到观念，个体，群体之间相同性也是有意义的。 "As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate." ------------------------------ 随着人们越来越依靠技术去解决问题，人们自我思考的能力必然减退。 "Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education." ------------------------------ 为了让每个学生都受到均衡的全面的教育，学校应该要求学生参加公共活动。 "People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be." ------------------------------ 无论他们的贡献有多大，人们错误地猜疑或不信任专家。 "Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development" ------------------------------ 政府对科学的研究和发展不应该加以限制，如果必须也应该是限制最小化。 "In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership." ------------------------------ 在任何职业——商业，教育，政治，政府——当权者应该在五年后下台，对于任何事业步入成功的是新领导产生的复兴。 "Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others." ------------------------------ 独处是一个人成为别人的最好的伴侣。 "One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities." ------------------------------ 研究一个社会的主要城市可以使最好地理解这个社会的特性。 "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge." ------------------------------ 在任何的职业和学业里，想象了远比知识更重要。 "The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language." ------------------------------ 向一个群体传播思想或价值观念的最有效的方式是通过图象的使用，而不是靠语言。 "The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others." ------------------------------ 对于社会做出重要贡献的人一般不是发展自我观点的人，而是那些擅长观察并整理别人的天赋和技能的人。 "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society." ------------------------------ 真正深邃的思想家和高度创造性艺术家总是和他们的社会和时代不相和谐。 "People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole." ------------------------------ 人们现在太过于个性化了。其实不应该追求独立的自我为中心的目标，人们需要理解满足来自于为了家庭，社区，或社会作为整体的更大的利益而工作。 "Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict." ------------------------------ 学校应该教授所有人类本质上的相互的联系，从而消灭战争，文化，和其他形式的冲突。 "Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public." ------------------------------ 主要的政策决策永远应该由政治家和其他政府专家决策，因为他们比起一般的人士更熟悉情况，有更好的审视问题的角度，并做出更好的判断。 "All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science." ------------------------------ 所有的学生都应该学习理工科课程，即使他们没有兴趣。 "Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress." ------------------------------ 对一个国家历史的爱国性的尊严阻碍社会的进步而不是促进它。 "Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit." ------------------------------ 政府永远不应该对一个博物馆想要展览的历史或艺术作品加以审核。 "Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people." ------------------------------ 政府应该保持公用荒地的自然状态，即使这些地区十分荒远，鲜有人迹。 "In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field." ------------------------------ 如果没有该领域过去成就的强烈影响，在任何领域里难以有显著的贡献。 "Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."
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