一：过去式：www.test99.com

主句 从句www.test99.com

would/could/should/might+have done had donewww.test99.com

1.If he hadn’t offered we a ride home,I would have called a taxi.www.test99.com

If we had depared earlier,we wouldn’t have missed the bus.www.test99.com

2.If it hadn’t been for your help,I wouldn’t habe surived the accident.www.test99.com

3.可倒装：（分词可前可后）www.test99.com

Had we departed earlier,we…….www.test99.com

Had it not been for your help,I…….www.test99.com

二：现在时：www.test99.com

主语 从句www.test99.com

W./C./S./M.+do did或werewww.test99.com

1. were无人称和数的变化www.test99.com

If you were my student,you should obey me.www.test99.com

If he were my student,he should obey me.www.test99.com

2. If you needed my help,Iwould lend you a hand.www.test99.com

3. If it were not for your help,I would be homeless now.www.test99.com

4. were可倒did 不可倒www.test99.com

Were he my student,he……www.test99.com

Were it not for your help,I…..www.test99.com

If Ihad 10 million yuan,I would buy a new apartment.www.test99.com

三：将来时www.test99.com

主句 从句www.test99.com

W./C./S./M.+do should do 或were to dowww.test99.com

1. were无人称和数的变化www.test99.com

If he should seek employment,he would be hire easily.www.test99.com

2．可倒装www.test99.com

should it rain tomorrow…….www.test99.com

Were it to rain tomorrow……www.test99.com

四：动词www.test99.com

动词后+从句谓语动词 should+do should 可省www.test99.com

建议：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,move,instruct,www.test99.com

maintain,preferwww.test99.com

请求：ask,beg,require,requestwww.test99.com

打算，愿望：decide,determine,intend,desire,assumewww.test99.com

命令：arrange,direct,command,orderwww.test99.com

其他：urge,agree,hint,insist,promisewww.test99.com

He urged the library should stay open during summer vocation.www.test99.com

He assumed he would be selected chairman of the committee.www.test99.com

五：形容词www.test99.com

从句谓语动词should +do，should 可省www.test99.com

It’s important to acquire professional knowledge and skill.www.test99.com

It’s important for us to acquire…..www.test99.com

It’s important that we should…..www.test99.com

·essential,fundamental,important,vital,necessary,imperative,www.test99.com

better,best,appropriate,probable,expedient,naturalwww.test99.com

·desirable,advisable,urgent,preferablewww.test99.com

·strange,odd,amazing,astonishing,surprising,shocked,pitiful,www.test99.com

sorry,ridiculous,absurd,unthinkable,incredible,interesting,annoyingwww.test99.com

1.It’s imperative that we should hold a meeting to settle the problem.www.test99.com

2.It’s advisable that another university be set up.www.test99.com

3.I’m sorry that he should feel that way.www.test99.com

六：名词www.test99.com

从句谓语动词should+do ,should可省www.test99.com

1.They made a motion that he should compensate for their loss.www.test99.com

2.It is of great importance that we should made plans to beautify out city.www.test99.com

2.We’re all for your proposal that the discussion.www.test99.com

be put offwww.test99.com

七：连词www.test99.com

。lest;for fear that----从句谓语动词(should)dowww.test99.com

He held the vase firmly lest it should slip from his hand.www.test99.com

We hid behind bushes for fear that the passers by see us.www.test99.com

。as if ,as though------三种虚拟www.test99.com

He was so terrified as if he had seen a ghost.www.test99.com

He works so hard as if he never knew fatigue.www.test99.com

He looked optimistic as if he would win the game.www.test99.com

八：wish,would rather-----三种虚拟www.test99.com

I would rather die the surrender.www.test99.com

would sooner/would as soon/had rather/had sooner=would ratherwww.test99.com

for the time being =nowwww.test99.com

would ratherwww.test99.com

构单句：I would rather die than surrender.www.test99.com

I would rather have falled than (have)cheated on the exam.www.test99.com

构从句：I would rather you hadn’t been present.www.test99.com

I would rather you didn’t beside me.www.test99.com

I would rather they would award me a gold medal.www.test99.com

构句型：I would rather drink some tea.www.test99.com

I would rather not drink any tea.www.test99.com

Would you rather drink some tea?www.test99.com

----Rather. -----I would.www.test99.com

----I would rather not.www.test99.com

Who would rather went with you ,George or me?www.test99.com

3.er would rather have left for SsmFrancisco than stayed in New York.www.test99.com

九：固定句型www.test99.com

It’s time to get up.www.test99.com

It’s time for him to get up.www.test99.com

It’s time that he got up.www.test99.com

It’s time various countries called for a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.www.test99.com

十：礼貌问句。www.test99.com

Would you like some tea?www.test99.com

Would you like to drink some tea?www.test99.com

Would you please go with me?www.test99.com

Would you mind opening the door?www.test99.com

Would you mind my opening the door?www.test99.com

Might I borrow you unbrella?www.test99.com

十一：感叹句式www.test99.com

If only ….要是。。。多好www.test99.com

If only the rain would stop!www.test99.com

If only he were here!www.test99.com

If only hadn’t accepted his invitation!www.test99.com

十二：介，副词www.test99.com

with ,without, but forwww.test99.com

With her financial support,he would establish his own business.www.test99.com

Without air and water,no living things would exist.www.test99.com

But for your help,I couldn’t have got.www.test99.com

十三：错位虚拟www.test99.com

Jim would be studying in the university if he had passed the entrance examination.www.test99.com

If he had followed the doctor’s advise,he would be quite well now.www.test99.com

If you had departed for Beijing yesterday,you would be talking with your father nowwww.test99.com

If you were 17-year old ……….www.test99.com

十四：公式化语句，表示祝愿，诅咒等www.test99.com

God bless you!www.test99.com

God damn you!www.test99.com

The devil take you.www.test99.com

So be it then.www.test99.com

Heaven forbid!www.test99.com

Long live Maism!www.test99.com

May you be happy!www.test99.com

www.test99.com

独立主格结构www.test99.com

特点：www.test99.com

1：结构由两部分组成即：逻辑主语+非谓语动词/表语成分www.test99.com

2：作状语成分（原因，结果，时间，伴随…）整句是简单句，主语不同，无连词www.test99.com

3：不带介词的独立主格结构用逗号与主句隔开，而带介词的可隔可不隔www.test99.com

4：with作为主格结构www.test99.com

5：独立主格结构能精简行文，起到言简意赅的效果；www.test99.com

一：主句+介/副词www.test99.com

1> put on his socks,wrong side out.www.test99.com

He put on his socks.The wrong side was out.www.test99.com

He put on his socks but the wrong side was out.www.test99.com

2>The trees grow up straight,only branches at the top.www.test99.com

4>The economic crisis in this country is deepening.www.test99.com

Price up and up,production down and down.www.test99.com

二：主语+形容词www.test99.com

1> The movie over,we went home.www.test99.com

2> He slept with windows open.www.test99.com

He slept and the windows were open.www.test99.com

有时独立主格结果的逻辑主语与形容词标语间可加being意思不变www.test99.com

Other things being equal,man with flevent English is sure to succeed more quickly.www.test99.com

Her mother being ill in hospital Many had to do all the housework.www.test99.com

Her mother ill in hospital,Mary………..www.test99.com

主语+主动语态的非谓语动词，独立主格结构的逻辑谓语是：根据时态的不同改变形式，参照下表：www.test99.com

主动语态一般形式 独立主格形式 www.test99.com

一般现在时： do/does doing www.test99.com

过去时态： did doing www.test99.com

完成时态： have/has/had done having donewww.test99.com

进行时态： be doing doing www.test99.com

1> He stood there,his eyes looking straight up the wall.www.test99.com

He stood there and his eyes looked………www.test99.com

2> Time permiting,we will say goodbye to him before leaving.www.test99.com

If time permits,we will say……….www.test99.com

四：主语+被动语态的非谓语动词 www.test99.com

独立主格结构的逻辑谓语时态变化如下：www.test99.com

www.test99.com

www.test99.com

被动语态一般形式 独立主格形式www.test99.com

一般现在时： be done donewww.test99.com

过去时态: be done donewww.test99.com

完成时态 have/has/had been done having been donewww.test99.com

进行时态 be being done being done www.test99.com

With your assignment finished,you can go traveling.www.test99.com

His leg hardly hurt,he had to stay in bed.www.test99.com

5:主动+动词不定式：www.test99.com

With him to help her,she could win the prize.www.test99.com

If he should help her,She would win the prize.www.test99.com

Time is pressing with only two hours to go.www.test99.com

The couple came in,following dogs.狗在前，主动www.test99.com

The couple came in ,followed bu dogs.人在前，被动 www.test99.com

We left the meeting,there obciousing being no point in staying.www.test99.com

There is no point in arguing further.www.test99.com

www.test99.com

完成时态的标志词汇：www.test99.com

1.just 2.for 3.yet 4.already 5.ever 6.never 7.since 8.by 9.lately 10.recently 11.so far 12.up till now 13.in the past…years 14.over these yearwww.test99.com

www.test99.com

表猜测：www.test99.com

对现在：must/can’t do www.test99.com

对过去：must/can’t have donewww.test99.com

www.test99.com

同意词：www.test99.com

依靠，依赖：rely on,depend on,base on,count on,subsist onwww.test99.com

到…的程度：to…extent , to… degree…www.test99.com

影响：have influence on,have impact on,have effect on,have impression onwww.test99.com

www.test99.com

词义辨析：www.test99.com

long before很久以前/before long=shortly after wards不久以后 just as 正如 even if 即使www.test99.com

take 带走 bring 带来 fetch来回，循环www.test99.com

www.test99.com

作文中常用到的句式www.test99.com

1．）常用于开头的短语www.test99.com

Generally speaking,…..一般来说。。。。。。。www.test99.com

It goes without saying that………..不用说www.test99.com

It is clear that………because……..很明显地。。。因为。。。。。www.test99.com

It is often said that…………常常有人说。。。。。。。。www.test99.com

A proverb says:…….有句谚语说：www.test99.com

As the proverb says ………..如谚语说。。。www.test99.com

Many people often ask this question: 许多人常常问这个问题www.test99.com

2）常用于扩展段开头的短语www.test99.com

Therefore we should realize that…………因此我们应该了解www.test99.com

We have reason to belive that….我们有理由相信www.test99.com

Everybody knows that……每个人都知道。。。。。。。。www.test99.com

It can be easily proved that……很容易证明。。。。。。、 www.test99.com

It is true that …..。。。。。是真实的www.test99.com

No one can deny that……….谁也不能否认。。。。。。。。www.test99.com

One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…www.test99.com

跟上述同样重要的一项是。。。。。www.test99.com

The chief reason why …………..is that…..为什么。。。。的主要原因是。。。。。。。www.test99.com

We must recognize that………..我们必须承认。。。。。。。。www.test99.com

There is no doubt that…..我认为。。。。www.test99.com

This can be expressed as follows :…..可分下列数点：。。。。www.test99.com

To take ….for an example …..以。。。。。。为例。。。。。www.test99.com

（Now that）we know that……（既然）我们知道。。。。。www.test99.com

What is more serious is that…..更重要的是。。。。。www.test99.com

TO BE CONTINUE…..www.test99.com
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