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王长喜:提高四六级听力能力的语言因素和知识因素
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广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com 一、的 语言因素在听力中的运用 www.test99.com Test99听力理解可分为字面理解和深层理解。要做到字面理解，就必须具备一定的语音知识、的一定的词汇知识和一定的语法知识。也只有在理解字面意思的基础上才有可能对听力材料进行深层次的理解，所以语言因素是听力理解的基础。我们常提到的语言因素包括： www.test99.com 1、的语音知识 www.test99.com Test99听力不同于阅读，要求同学们必须具备准确辨音的能力，这是口头交际的基础。在正确掌握每个单词的发音的同时，必须注意以下几个方面： www.test99.com （1）英语中最小对立体的发音，如ship---sheep, cheap ---- chip, pig ---peg, sack ---sock等，有针对性地进行发音训练，比如绕口令之类的练习，如She sells sea cells by the seashore. If she sells sea cells by the seashore, then she sells seashore cells，适当加强一些针对性的听力练习。 www.test99.com （2）重读与弱读：汉语是一个汉字一个音节，而英语中的一个单词可能就有好多音节，这就造成了英汉节奏的差别。而英语中的一些虚词一般要弱读，这有可能会给听力造成一定的困难。对此也应该进行专项训练。如： www.test99.com Whats the time? Sing us a song. Ive eaten them all. He has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.(红体部分的音节重读) www.test99.com （3）连读：连读时语速加快，连读的单词之间没有了间隔，会给理解带来困难。如： www.test99.com in ˇor ˇout, yearˇ in and year ˇout, for ˇan ˇhour www.test99.com （4）意群：听力时不能一个单词一个单词地去理解，应该注意意群，因为意群之间间隔之处正是停顿之处，注意下列语句朗读时停顿的差别： www.test99.com John said, My father is here. www.test99.com John, said my father, is here. www.test99.com She likes pineapples. www.test99.com She likes pie and apples. www.test99.com He sold his houseboat and trailer. www.test99.com He sold his house, boat, and trailer. www.test99.com （5）注意同音字：有些单词发音相同，也可能给听力理解带来困难，如： www.test99.com What is black and white, and read (red) all over? www.test99.com 这里在听的时候，很难分请是read还是red。 www.test99.com （6）语调：语调是说话者表达情感的一种手段，同样一个句子如果语调不同，则意思就有可能发生变化，如： www.test99.com Open the door, will you?↗ www.test99.com Open the door, wont you?↘ www.test99.com 用声调表示一种请求，用降调表示命令。 www.test99.com What? ↗What?↘↗升调表示疑问，降升表示吃惊和不相信。 www.test99.com 测试中同样有可能考查语调的作用，如： www.test99.com ① W: Where do you want to eat? www.test99.com M: Is there anything wrong with the↘ coffee shop? www.test99.com Q: What does the man mean? www.test99.com A. He wonders if anything happened at the coffee shop. www.test99.com B. He doesnt know why the coffee tastes bad. www.test99.com C. He only wants coffee because he isnt happy. www.test99.com D. He thinks that they ought to go to the coffee shop. www.test99.com 一般疑问句，却用了降调，表示出说话者愿意去咖啡馆的肯定态度，答案应是D。 www.test99.com ② M: Im terribly sorry Im late, but I just couldnt help it. www.test99.com I got there as soon as I could. www.test99.com W: Well, its not soon enough, ↘is it? www.test99.com Q: What does the woman mean? www.test99.com A. Its soon enough to get here. www.test99.com B. Its not soon enough to get here. www.test99.com C. Its not late to get here. www.test99.com D. Its early enough to get here. www.test99.com 降调的使用,说明说话人坚信第一部分说的是事实，由此可以判断答案为B。 www.test99.com 2、的词汇和语法 www.test99.com （1）注意扩充词汇量：研究发现，词汇量是影响听力的主要因素之一，词汇量的匮乏往往是造成听力能力提高的首要因素。因此，同学们在训练听力技巧的同时，应注意词汇量的扩充。 www.test99.com （2）加强同义表达方式的听力训练：在听力选择中，相当一部分情况下，答案就是对话信息的同义表达方式。如： www.test99.com ①W: The speech the blind girl gave this evening was extremely www.test99.com touching. www.test99.com M: I think everybody felt the same. www.test99.com Q: How did the man feel about the girls speech? www.test99.com A. It was boring. B. It was entertaining. www.test99.com C. It was moving. D. It was encouraging. www.test99.com Moving与touching意思相近，答案为C。再如： www.test99.com ②M: Nancy, why were you late today? www.test99.com W: I overslept and missed the bus. www.test99.com Q: Why was Nancy late? (1999.1) www.test99.com A. She got up later than usual. www.test99.com B. The bus was late. www.test99.com C. She forgot she had classes. www.test99.com D. Her clock was slow. www.test99.com Overslept 也就是got up later than usual。 www.test99.com （3）加强语法概念的单句理解练习：听力测试中有相当一部分情况下，有对语法结构表意功能的考查，如虚拟语气的含义，建议的表达方式等。如： www.test99.com ①W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem www.test99.com is the space for it. www.test99.com M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen? www.test99.com Q: What does the man suggest they should do? (1995.6) www.test99.com A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table. www.test99.com C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. www.test99.com 如果考生清楚How about用来提出建议，就可以根据moving the old dining table判断答案为D。再如： www.test99.com ②W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and there is bound to be a long line. www.test99.com M: Why dont we come back for the next show? Im sure it would be less crowded. www.test99.com Q: What is the man suggesting? ( 1996.6) www.test99.com A. Coming back for a later shouw. B. Waiting in a queue. www.test99.com C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today. www.test99.com Why dont 表示建议，由此可以判断答案为A。 www.test99.com ③M: What do you think of my paper? www.test99.com W: The ideas are good. If I were you, though, Id rewrite the www.test99.com last two paragraphs to make it better. www.test99.com Q: What is the womans comment on the mans paper? (1996.1) www.test99.com A. The ideas of the paper are not convincing. www.test99.com B. Some parts of the paper are not well written. www.test99.com C. The handwriting of the paper is not good. www.test99.com D. The paper is not complete. www.test99.com 本题考查的是同学们对虚拟语气句子的理解，答案是B。www.test99.com
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