试卷二解析
NOTES
Part I Tapescript of Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: This course wasn’t supposed to be hard.
M: But it sure turned out to be, didn’t it?
Q: What does the woman think about the course?
2. M: There was a party on our school campus Sunday evening. Did you go?
W: Had I known about the party, I would have been present for it.
Q: What do we learn about the woman?
3. M: Was I supposed to give the seminar presentation this week?
W: No. I assigned it to Joan.
Q: What will happen this week?
4. W: I’d better read one of the articles for our economics class.
M: You can’t read just one. Each presents a different theory, you know.
Q: What does the man tell the woman she must do?
5. M: I agree with your proposal at the meeting yesterday. It was a good one.
W: You should have backed me up then when I needed it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. W: I’m just looking for a bike that will get me to the library and back.
M: With the roads the way they are, you will need a sturdy one.
Q: What does the man imply?
7. W: Hello, I am a senior student. Could you tell me whether this reference room is only for aculty members?
M: No, the postgraduates and undergraduates can come too if they have their professor’s written permission.
Q: Can the woman study in the reference room?
8. W: What would you say to a seafood dinner?
M: I don’t want to pay twice as much for a seafood dinner.
Q: What does the man mean?
9. W: When are you going to have your eyes checked?
M: I had to cancel my appointment. I couldn’t fit it in.
Q: What does the man mean?
10.W: How was the English exam you took yesterday?
M: Not as easy as I expected, I did fairly well on the reading section but I made quite a few mistakes on grammar.
Q: What did the man say about his test?
Section B
Passage One
Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960s, but reached Britain in 1972. The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are: firstly, that all workers must be present for certain “key” times in the day, and secondly, that all workers must work the agreed total number of hours per week.
The system has proved an almost total success wherever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a better balance between working and private life, avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and the ability to be able to finish a certain task before leaving.
From the employer’s point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labor turnover first. “Flexible time” was mainly confined to white collar workers, but it now being applied to manual workers too.
11. What people firstly used flexible working hours?
12. Which one of the following may be best used to describe the flexible system?
13. What’s one of the main advantages of “Flextime” for workers?
Passage Two
Our environment is being polluted faster than nature and man’s present efforts can prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more motor vehicles, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire for a modern way of life. We make increasing industrialization our chief aim. For its sake, we are willing to sacrifice everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, so pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It reminds one of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker: “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we are lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when applied to our modern society.
14. Why can’t man prevent the world from being polluted?
15. According to the passage, what does man value among the following?
16. What does the story about the pilot indicate?
Passage Three
As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement service has put together a listing of what is available locally. For some students, these part-time jobs could lead to the full-time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own field, be that finance, marketing or even management. For example, national savings bank offers work on a half time basis. That’s 20 hours per week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those providing child care. We have a number of families registered with us who are looking for baby-sitters for as few as four hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there’re seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and they are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about a successful interviewing.
17. What’s the purpose of the talk?
18. What should students bring with them to the office?
19. What will the counselors at the office help students do?
20. What do the jobs have in common?
Part II Reading Comprehension
21. 结论题。本题问Lauderslager的实验结果，解本题要找出Lauderslager的实验结果或发现。依据文章的第一段的倒数第二句话，由“Lauderslager found”引出的后面的话即为Lauderslager的实验结果或发现。
22. 推断题。依据文章第二段的第三行“But if the animal (指的是rats)are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.”可推出答案，选项C是该句话的同义替换。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段的第五行“Associating the saccharin with stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener.” 可知由于老鼠将胃疼和甜味剂联系在一起，所以它们才回避糖精。
24. 推断题。依据文章的第三段的末句Lauderslager对老鼠死亡的推测“... he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now serves to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.” （他成功地利用了糖精和药物使老鼠产生了条件反射，使得老鼠的心理产生变化，只用糖精就会削弱它们的免疫系统使其致死）可推知答案。
25. 结论题。本题仍是上题的延续。通过条件反射会削弱老鼠的免疫系统。
26 主旨题。文章第一段讲了北美殖民地城市的发展和欧洲的不同；第二段和第三段分别阐述了北美大西洋沿岸城市的发展和南方种植园的发展。选项B概括了文章的主要内容。
27. 主旨题。依据文章第一段的首句可知：欧洲的城市发展与北美的不同之处在于前者的城市发展缓慢而后者的城市发展迅猛，由此可知两者比较的基准是发展的速度。
28. 单句理解题。根据文章的第二段的第三行给出了原因“Because these areas were nearest England and France....” 由此可推断出选项C为正确答案。
29. 段落理解题。文章的第三段探讨了南方种植园的各方面的内容：种植园的地理位置的特点（通常靠近水路，便于运送货物）；种植园的经济是自给自足；但并没有谈到种植园居民和城市居民的关系。故答案为C。
30. 细节理解题。文章的第二段的末句指出，大西洋沿岸的城市是加工用于出口的原材料的理想的地点“Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export.”
31. 推断题。依据文章的第一段的第二句话“The act...and the policies...compete with economic interests.”可推知对濒危动物的保护是一个很有争议的问题是因为影响了某些利益集团的利益。
32. 推断题。根据文章的第二段的第二句话“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.” （利用土地，开发雨林是发展中国家暂时避免贫穷和饥饿的途径）。我们可推知，若阻止发展中国家开发热带雨林，就会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷做斗争。
33. 细节理解题。本题同样依据第二段的第二句话“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.”注意“temporarily”一词，它表明砍伐树木种植庄稼只能是一个暂时的缓解粮食问题的办法。
34. 指代题。依据文章的第三段的首句“Many of the changes that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planets of its biological richness.” 这句话指出了科学家忧虑的问题，选项C)“the reduction of biological diversity”是对于“rob the planets of its biological richness”的同义替换。
35. 主旨题。从文章的末段的结尾一句话“But solutions to humanity’s current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control...”可得出答案，选项D)“through the cooperation of nations”是“through coordinated international efforts”的同义替换。
36. 细节题。文章第一段第三句话讲恐怖分子把美国移民体制的弱点纳入到他们的计划中去，而恰好文章第一段最后一句话正好具体讲述了移民归化局的弱点，即低效率，所以D正确。
37. 细节题。文章第二段第二句9·11事件后，美国法案要求FBI、司法部、移民归化局等共享更多信息资料以把列为恐怖分子者阻断在边境，B选项正合此意。
38. 推断题。从文章第一段第二句话我们知道外籍持假证件偷渡入境者及合法入境者经常超期滞留美国而得不到任何处罚，我们可推知，这些外国人在9·11事件发生前，想呆多久就呆多久，所以C正确。
39. 细节题。从文章最后一段最后两句话我们可以知道移民归化局这些年来太注重服务于游客和移民，而没有更多关注上百万美国人的人身安全维系于其工作，C选项正合此意。
40. 细节题。文章第四段第二句冒号后清楚说明两大原因，其中之一是美国大学，第二是美国企业需外国廉价劳动力，所以A正确。
Part III Vocabulary
41. 【考点】动词辨析。disperse“使分散；使驱散；赶散；疏散；消散；消失”，如：The clouds have dispersed from the sky. 天空中的乌云已经消散了。dispatch “派遣；调遣；发送”，如：dispatch the parcel 发送包裹；deposit “使沉淀；使沉积；存放；寄存；储蓄”；detach (from) “拆卸；使分开；使分离”，如：detach a link from a chain从链子上拆下一个链环。
【译文】警察用催泪瓦斯赶散愤怒的示威者。
42. 【考点】同后缀名词的辨析。appreciation “欣赏；感激；理解”；absorption“吸收；理解；吸引注意力”；assumption“假设；假定；担任，承担”，如：assumption of office 任职；attention“注意；注意力”，常用搭配：draw/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力。
【译文】观众对于小丑的表演表现出了赞赏之情。
43. 【考点】名词辨析。partner“合伙人；舞伴；合作者”；enemy“敌人”；rival“竞争对手”；companion“同伴；伴侣；同事”。
【译文】虽然这两位球员在网球场上是对手，但他们实际上是好朋友。
44．【考点】名词辨析。stability “稳定性；稳固性”；capability“能力”；capacity “容量；容积；才能；能力”；如：The seating capacity of this theatre is 500. 这个剧院有500个座位。permanence “永远；永久性”。
【译文】这个国家的经济危机已经威胁到了政府的稳固。
45．【考点】形容词辨析。urgent “紧急的；危急的”；instant“立刻的；片刻的”；prompt“敏捷的；及时的；迅速的”，如：make a prompt reply立即作了答复；hasty“草率的，轻率的；匆忙的；仓促完成的”，如：make a hasty diagnosis 草草作了一个诊断。
【译文】我们应当记住, 仓促的决定常常带来令人悔恨不已的结果。
46．【考点】名词辨析。compensation “补偿（或赔偿的）款物；补偿；赔偿”，如：claim compensation索赔；reward“报答；奖赏；报酬；酬金”，如：The police are offering a reward for information about the murder. 警方在悬赏取得谋杀案的线索。pension“养老金；抚恤金”；interests “利息；利益”。
【译文】尽管他要离家三个月，但作为补偿，他能享有额外的空闲时间并且还有机会可以结交不同的人。
47．【考点】近义词辨析。sick“病的，有病的”； paralyzed“麻痹的，瘫痪的”；dumb“哑的，不能说话的”；handicapped“有残疾的”；handicapped persons残疾人。
【译文】老人及有残疾的人最好住平房，不用爬楼梯。
48．【考点】动词辨析。confirm “进一步证实”； strive“努力；奋斗，奋力”，如：strive against fate与命运抗争；fail to do sth.“无法做某事；失败”； adhere to sth. / to doing sth. “坚持”，如： adhere to one’s stand 坚持某人的立场。
【译文】每个人都应当努力提高自我表达能力，使得自己能够更好地与他人交流。
49．【考点】动词辨析。inspire “给…以灵感；激励；鼓励”；overwhelm“感情上使受不了；使不知所措；征服；制服”，如：Emotion overwhelmed the actor when he won an award.这位演员得了奖激动得不知该怎么办。Our army overwhelmed the enemy. 我们的军队击败了敌人。 contradict“与…相矛盾”；comfort“安慰；使感到舒服”。
【译文】神话曾经给世界上的许多伟大的诗人、艺术家、音乐家和科学家以灵感。
50．【考点】后缀相同的词的辨析。correct“改正；纠正”；contract“收缩；缩小；感染；染上；订立”，如：He contracted a bad cold when traveling. 他旅行时染上了重感冒。subtract“减去，减掉”； distract“转移注意力；使分心”。
【译文】皇室丑闻转移了媒体对于经济危机的注意力。
51．【考点】形容词辨析。delicate “精致的；脆弱的”； minor“较小的；较少的；次要的”； miniature “小型的；微小的；微小的模型；缩影”；trivial “不重要的；琐碎的”,如：a trivial problem 一个琐碎的问题。
【译文】我过来时，他们正在为谁该去厨房拿面包这样的鸡毛蒜皮的小事争论。
52．【考点】形容词辨析。clumsy“笨拙的；笨手笨脚的”； inconvenient “不方便的”；funny“有趣的；滑稽的”；awkward“难堪的；尴尬的；棘手的；难操纵的；笨拙的；不灵活的”，如：Our guests came at an awkward time.我们的客人在不方便的时候来了。
【译文】他发了一通火之后，他们之间有一阵难堪的沉默。
53．【考点】动词辨析。mingle“使混合；使相混；混合起来；相混合”，如：His account mingled truth with exaggeration.他的叙述既有真实之处，又有夸大之词。fuse“金属熔合”；stir“搅动；搅拌”； merge “兼并；使结合；使合并；使合为一体”。
【译文】刺客混在人群中，企图在有机会时朝首相开枪。
54．【考点】动词辨析。interpret“解释；诠释；翻译”；intervene “干涉；妨碍；干预”；inherit “继承”；impart“给予；告知；透露；赋予”，如：impart knowledge to students向学生传授知识。
【译文】在许多文化中，那些被认为具有解析梦的人往往受到高度的尊重。
55. 【考点】动词辨析。decorate “装饰；装潢”； animate “赋予生命；使活泼；使有生气”；stipulate “规定；约定”；insulate“使绝缘；使隔热；使隔音；隔离”，如：insulate the room from the noise使房间隔音。
【译文】用手直接触摸把手十分危险，最好要用塑料布包住把手使之绝缘。
56. 【考点】动词辨析。conflict (with) “与…相抵触；与…相冲突”；confront “面临；面对；迎面遇到；遭遇；勇敢地面对；正视”，如： We must confront the future with optimism. 我们必须乐观地面对未来。compete“竞争”；combat“战斗；搏斗”。
【译文】这个新王国面临的一个迫切的问题是其公民的教育问题。
57．【考点】动词辨析。conserve“保护；保藏；保存”，这个词含有节约着使用某物的含义，如：We must conserve water during the drought. 我们在旱季要节约用水。shield (from) “保护；防护”；relieve “减轻；宽慰”；preserve“维护；保存；维持；腌制”。
【译文】在冬天应保护眼睛避开雪地反射过来的光。
58．【考点】名词辨析。challenge“挑战”；compromise“妥协；折中办法”，如：reach a compromise 达成妥协；consequence “结果，后果；重要性”，常用词组：in consequence “因此；结果”；sequence“连续；接续；一连串”，如：in sequence 按顺序；a sequence of disasters一连串灾难。
【译文】第一次世界大战给新世界的所有的资本主义国家都带来了深远的影响。
59．【考点】名词辨析。explosion“爆炸”；exploration由动词explore转化而来, explore的意思是“勘探；勘察；探测；研究；探究”；exploitation由动词exploit 转化而来，exploit的意思是“剥削；利用；开发；开采”；explanation“解释”。
【译文】对于关闭铁路这一问题的正反理由已经开始进行了全面考察。
60．【考点】动词辨析。exaggerate “夸张；夸大其辞”； aggravate“使恶化；加重；加剧；激怒；使恼火”，如：He aggravated his condition by leaving the hospital too soon.他过早离开医院使他的病情加重了。 amend “修改；修订；改进”；assimilate“吸收；消化；使同化”，如：assimilate new ideas 吸收新思想。
【译文】持续的动荡使国家的经济恶化。
61．【考点】动词辨析。review“审查；复查；回顾；复习；检阅”，如：The scientists reviewed all the data. 科学家复查了所有的数据。survey“调查；勘测；全面审视；概括论述”，如：survey the damage left by the earthquake 调查地震造成的损失；screen“掩蔽；遮蔽；审查；甄别；放映；播放”，如：One hundred carefully screened people were invited to meet the President. 邀请了一百位经过仔细审查的人会见总统。monitor “监测；检测；监听；监视；监听器；检测器”，如：monitor the water flow by computer用计算机检测水流。
【译文】当踩踏健身自行车时，机器会监测你的脉搏和呼吸。
62．【考点】动词辨析。evolve “进化；使演化；使发展”，如：Some people believe that we evolved from the apes. 有些人认为我们是从类人猿进化而来的。 resolve “解决；决心”，如：resolve a problem/a dispute 解决问题/冲突；involve“牵涉；包含；使卷入”； revolve与around 连用表示“围绕”。
【译文】目前的争论围绕着是否其他的代表应当出席。
63．【考点】名词辨析。tolerance “容忍；忍耐力”；dependence “依赖”，常与介词 on 搭配；resistance “抵抗力；耐…”，常与介词to 搭配，如：The insects developed a resistance to the insecticide. 一些昆虫对杀虫剂产生了抵抗力。persistence“坚持不懈”。
【译文】一些鱼比其他鱼具有更强的耐酸性水的能力。
64．【考点】动词辨析。design“设计”； resign“辞职”；designate“指定；标出；把…定名为”，如： designate someone as a spokesman 指定某人为发言人；sign “签名；签署”。
【译文】这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部聚会的场所。
65．【考点】形容词辨析。sensitive (to) “敏感的；灵敏的；神经过敏的；容易生气的”；sensible “明智的；合情理的”；sentimental “多愁善感的”；sensational “轰动的；具有轰动效应的；激起情感的；耸人听闻的”。
【译文】体温计的水银对于温度的变化很敏感。
66．【考点】名词辨析。transition “过渡；转变”，如：The company is still in transition from one boss from another.这家公司仍处在老板更迭的过渡时期。 transfer“搬；转移；调动；转学；转车；换乘”；transfusion“输送；输血”；transport“交通；交通工具”。
【译文】美国的年轻人觉得很容易对待由青年到成年的过渡时期。
67．【考点】动词辨析。retain“保持；保留原来的东西”； maintain“维持；维护；维修；保养；坚持；主张”，如： maintain equipment 维修设备；maintain one’s ground坚持立场； sustain“保持；使持续下去；支持；支撑；供养；维持”，如：sustain a family养家；sustain the weight 承受重量； remain“保持某一种状态”。
【译文】这个书架能够承受所有这些书的重量吗？
68．【考点】形容词辨析。indifferent 常与介词to搭配使用，表示“对…漠不关心；对…不感兴趣”； detached 常与介词 from 搭配，表示“冷淡；冷漠的”；conscientious “有责任心的；负责的”；confidential“秘密的；机密的”。
【译文】他头晕忽忽的，因而对周围发生的事毫不关心。
69．【考点】动词辨析。withdraw “撤退；撤消；收回；提取”，如：withdraw money提钱；withdraw the proposal撤回提议；revolt“反叛；起义；使生反感；使厌恶”； revenge “为…报仇”，如：He revenged himself on all the people who insulted him. 他向所有侮辱他的人报了仇。assault“袭击；攻击”。
【译文】一些武装叛乱分子袭击了营地外值勤的卫兵，伤了两人。
70．【考点】动词辨析。reclaim“使改过；使改正；感化；开垦；开拓；回收利用（废物）”，如：reclaim swampland for agriculture开垦沼泽地使之适于农业生产；reclaim scraps 回收废铁；proclaim“公布；宣告；声明”，如：The president proclaimed that he would seek reelection. 总统宣布将争取连任。signify“表示有…的意思；有…的意思；表明；表示；示意”，如：He signifies consent with a nod. 他点头表示同意。exclaim“呼喊；大声说”。
【译文】MS表示理学硕士，而MA代表的意思是文学硕士。
Part V Writing
Model Essay
The Changes in China’s Foreign Trade
Spurred by the fast growing economy, China has witnessed booming trade in the decade. As shown in the chart, before 1978, the foreign trade increased but slowly. China then followed a policy of “self-reliance” and mainly traded raw materials and traditional goods for industrial equipment. After 1978, the rapid economic growth demanded importation of high-technology, which in turn boosted its development. China is now capable of providing the world market with a variety of high quality products. Foreign trade, being of increasing importance, has been spiraling upward.
It is the “open door” policy that has brought about the necessity. Especially after 1986, China made quite a few big decisions, which included opening up many cities to overseas investors, encouraging private business and promoting cultural exchange and cooperation. As a result, joint ventures and private companies mushroomed everywhere in China. Foreign investment and advanced technology flowed in. China has made staggering progress in the productivity now higher than ever before. The Chinese people are confident that a more open China has a bright future.
This year China has decided to open her doors wider than ever to the world. Only continuing increase is expected in foreign trade.
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