C) we want to cooperate well
D) we don’t want to be anxious
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.
“If they know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
31. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the appropriate amount of external rewards
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance
32. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards f
or students?
A) They approve of external rewards.
B) They don’t think external rewards make any difference.
C) They have doubts about external rewards.
D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.
33. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what s
hould educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?
A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them.
B) Always promise rewards.
C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging.
D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.
34．It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are tryin
g to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency
35．Which of the following facts about “token economics” is not correct?
A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.
B) Rewards are given for good performances.
C) Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task.
D) With token economics, students’ creativity can be enhanced.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”.
The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.
36. When a consumer finds that his or her purchase has a fault in it, the
first thing he or she should do is to ____.
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
37. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?
A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.
B) Threaten to take the seller to court.
C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.
D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.
38．According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the
last alternative that consumers may turn to?
A) Complain to the store manager in person.
B) Complain to the manufacturer.
C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.
D) Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help.
39．The phrase “live up to” in this context means ____.
A) meet the standard of
B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of
D) keep the promise of
40．The passage tells us ____.
A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
41. There was a large crowd of demonstrators ____ against the war.
A) protecting B) preserving
C) protesting D) prosecuting
42. I’m afraid I will have to ____her invitation to the party.
A) refuse B) refute
C) ignore D) decline
43. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of f
act, I would gladly have paid ____ for it.
A) as much twice
B) much as twice
C) as twice much
D) twice as much
44. He can’t start the car because the battery has ____.
A) run up B) run down
C) run over D) run off
45. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ our thinking.
A) upon which to base
B) which to base upon
C) which to be based on
D) to base on which
46. This design is ____ that one.
A) more superior to
B) far superior than
C) more superior than
D) far superior to
47. I wondered what her ____ to the news would be.
A) impression B) reaction
C) comment D) opinion
48. She shouldn’t have stood in a queue; she ____ her underground ticket
from the machine.
A) has got B) must have got
C) could have got D) got
49. Don’t worry. ____ that you will be treated equally.
A) I’ll look forward to it
B) I’ll try my utmost
C) I’ll be on the alert
D) I’ll see to it
50. The workers agreed to ____ the strike if the company would satisfy their demand.
A) call off B) call out
C) call to D) call on
51. I’d rather you ____ so rudely to her.
A) don’t speak B) won’t speak
C) should not speak D) didn’t speak
52. Today many kinds of electrical ____ are available, which has made hou
sework much easier than before.
A) facilities B) appliances
C) instruments D) equipment
53. The author is going to ____ his play for television.
A) add B) adopt
C) adapt D)adjust
54. ____ for your help, I’d never have been able to achieve such a succes
s.
A) If I had not been
B) Had it not been
C) If it were not
D) Had it not
55. With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its ____.
A) boundaries B) limitations
C) confinements D) restraints
56. I’m afraid I can’t ____ you ____; you’ll have to go to a hotel.
A) put ...up B) pick ... up
C) pull ... up D) wake ... up
57. The guests said that they wouldn’t mind ____.
A) to have a little light music
B) having a little light music
C) have a little light music
D) if they have a little light music
58. Although this area is very poor just now, its ____ wealth is great.
A) previous B) profound
C) potential D) primary
59. He ran quickly to the classroom, two books ____ under his arm.
A) to be hold B) held
C) were held D) holding
60. We must try our best to lower the cost of our products. Otherwise the
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