23. The expression “by virtue of” in the last but one sentence can best be replaced by ________ .
   A) by means of                             B) because of
   C) in case of                              D) with the help of
24. Most books on interviewing are not concerned about journalistic kind because ________ .
   A) most people like to read broadcasting interviews
   B) most western people are seemingly familiar with journalistic interviews
   C) journalistic interviews are too professional for most people
   D) texts about journalistic interview don’t deal with the “how to” aspects
25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an occasion of interview?
   A) Going to see a doctor.                  B) Reading an article.
   C) Negotiating with a client.               D) Looking for a job.

Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
    A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
    If an economist was asked which of three groups borrow most, people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes--he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947--1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and pe ople with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices, In a few months, she said, well have to pay more for meat and milk; well have less to spend on other things. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyers resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: I just dont pay these prices; they are too high.
   The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive(有助于) to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.

26. It can be inferred from the passage that if one wants to predict the way consumers will spend their money, he should ________.
   A) rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
   B) try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money
   C) carry our investigations on consumer behavior and obtain data on consumers incomes and money spending motives
   D) do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
27. According to Paragraph 2, research s urveys have proved that ________.
   A) price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy things
   B) rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain things
   C) women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than men
   D) the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry
28. The results of the investigations on consumer psychology carried out in America were ________ those of the investigations made at the same time in Great Britain.
   A) somewhat different from
   B) exactly the same as
   C) much better than
   D) not as good as
29. From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article ________.
   A) concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in America.
   B) concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stable
   C) concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct business policy
   D) does not draw any conclusion
30. Which of the following statements is always TRUE according to the surveys mentioned in the passage?
   A) Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.
   B) Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect prices to increase.
   C) The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.
   D) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.

Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
    About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldnt help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point, the woman asked: So, how have you been? And the boy―who could not have been more than seven or eight years old―replied , Frankly, Ive been feeling a little depressed lately.
    This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were depressed until we were in high school.
    The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children dont seem childlike any more. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
    Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
    Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social root to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
    In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, no matter they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
    Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.

31.  According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.
   A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child
   B) somethin g hardly to be expected in a young child
   C) an inevitable sign of childrens mental development
   D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children
32.  Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.
   A) through contact with society    C) naturally and by biological instinct
   B) gradually and under guidance    D)through exposure to social information
33.  The phenomenon that todays children seem adult-like is attributed by the author to _    .
   A) the widespread influence of television
   B) the poor arrangement of teaching content
   C) the fast pace of human intellectual development
   D) the constantly rising standard of living
34.  Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
   A) It enables children to gain more social information.
   B) It develops childrens interest in reading and writing.
   C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.
   D) It can control what children are to learn.
35.  What does the author think of the change in todays children?
   A) He feels amused by their premature behavior.
   B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
   C) He considers it a positive development.
   D) He seems to be upset about it.

Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
    Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance to it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones ent itled to his opinion, are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.