|
|
外语四级
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
广告招租，e-mail:yesize@hotmail.com Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (慈善家), made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by a custom tariff (关税). In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie empire (由某人或某个集团控制的大企业) was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. (=Company) became an immense organization. It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads (损害) and lake steamers that move the ores (矿石) and the finished products. Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears (祖先) for the benefit of the working class and the poor people. In spite of his espousal (对事业、主义等的拥护) of Herbert Spencer’s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartist (慈善家) ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must serve as a steward for the fortune: he has earned and used that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man’s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie considers that the dispensation (分配；管理方法) of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity (慈善团体) but rather must be as a buttress (支持人) to the community’s responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox, Massachusetts, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people. 21.Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes . through large loans from the American government with the act of fine enterprise system cause the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry because he had relatives in the English steel industry 22.Carnegie followed his ancestors’ footsteps . by being a follower of social Darwinism by developing a large industrial company by furthering Spencer’s philosophy caring for and improving benefits for the workers and the poor 23.Carnegie’s trips to England . were purely for pleasure and visiting relatives d him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel introduced him to the Chartist ideals which would influence his life helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists 24.Which happened first? . e introduction of Chartist ideals The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co. The foundation of the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain 25.Andrew Carnegie’s Philanthropic ideals . resulted from union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company developed from his introduction to social Darwinism developed through his education under Bessemer veloped from the Chartist ideals of his boyhood
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
加入最爱
热门小游戏分类 
